Research Methodology
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
MEANING OF RESEARCH
Research is the systematic investigation into existing or new knowledge. It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories.
Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual’s speculation with reality.
DEFINITION OF RESEARCH
The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English lays down the meaning of research as “a careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.” Redman and Mory define research as a “systematized effort to gain new knowledge.”
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH i. Empirical: Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher. ii. Logical: Research is based on valid procedures and principles. iii. Cyclical: Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem iv. Analytical: Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, experimental and case study. v. Critical: Research exhibits careful and precise judgment. vi. Methodical: Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures. vii. Replicability: The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.
QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCHER * Research-oriented * Efficient * Scientific * Effective * Active * Resourceful * Creative * Honest * Economical * Religious
TYPES OF RESEARCH i. Basic Research: This is also called as “fundamental research” or “pure research”. It seeks to discover basic truths or principles.
Examples:
* Boyle’s Law * Charles’ Law * Archimedes’ Principle *
MEANING OF RESEARCH
Research is the systematic investigation into existing or new knowledge. It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories.
Research is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual’s speculation with reality.
DEFINITION OF RESEARCH
The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English lays down the meaning of research as “a careful investigation or inquiry specially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.” Redman and Mory define research as a “systematized effort to gain new knowledge.”
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH i. Empirical: Research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher. ii. Logical: Research is based on valid procedures and principles. iii. Cyclical: Research is a cyclical process because it starts with a problem and ends with a problem iv. Analytical: Research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, experimental and case study. v. Critical: Research exhibits careful and precise judgment. vi. Methodical: Research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures. vii. Replicability: The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.
QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCHER * Research-oriented * Efficient * Scientific * Effective * Active * Resourceful * Creative * Honest * Economical * Religious
TYPES OF RESEARCH i. Basic Research: This is also called as “fundamental research” or “pure research”. It seeks to discover basic truths or principles.
Examples:
* Boyle’s Law * Charles’ Law * Archimedes’ Principle *
Bibliography: * Adapted from Shamoo A and Resnik D. 2009. Responsible Conduct of Research, 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press).