Socrates proposes a “myth of the metals” the ideal city’s citizens must acknowledge. These citizens accept their respective positions so as to maintain the social and political order, or, as Socrates articulates, to prevent revolution (422a). The “myth of the metals”, or the “noble lie”, emphasizes the importance of each individual fulfilling a specific function, which allows them to practice what Socrates and his peers have defined as justice (346d). Socrates propositions this “necessary falsehood” and “single, grand lie which will be believed by everybody” (414b-c) to promote a sense of unity among the ideal city’s citizens. This unity serves to advance Socrates’s other aims. The primary purposes of the “myth of the metals” are to preserve…
The the men come up with the most important question who will make the laws and rule the city. Socrates says the guardians will rule. With this ruling they come up with many different attributes that the guardians must…
Plato was an interesting individual, and has always been one of my favorite Philosophers. I personally like most of his political ideals, and find them almost in alignment with my own. In particular I like his reasoning when it comes to the citizens that make up the city-state, along with the leadership. So throughout this essay I plan on drawing from the Republic to talk more about this Philosopher’s ideas.…
In his philosophy, Plato places a large emphasis on the importance of the idea of justice. This emphasis can be seen especially in his work ‘The Republic’ where, through his main character Socrates, he attempts to define the nature of justice and to justify this definition. One of the methods used by Socrates to strengthen or rather explain his argument on justice is through his famous city-soul analogy, where a comparison between a just city and a just soul/individual is made. Through this analogy, Socrates attempts to explain the nature of justice, how it is the virtue of the soul and is therefore intrinsically valuable to the individual, but it becomes apparent in the analysis and evaluation of the analogy that there may have been several purposes behind it. Inconsistencies within the analogy itself also raise questions to the validity in Plato’s definition and justification of justice.…
Socrates argues that parallel to the city he had created a just person is comprised of three parts. Justice in the individual, as in the city, involves the correct power relationship among parts, with each part occupying its appropriate role. rational part of the soul that lusts after truth, a spirited part of the soul that lusts after honor, and an appetitive part of the soul that lusts after everything else. In his extended metaphor the appetite is represented by the lower consuming class , the spirited honor-seeking class is represented by the auxiliaries, and lastly the truth seeking portion represented by the guarding class. Just relations between the three parts of the soul mirror just relations among the classes of society. In a just…
After Socrates explores the components of a just society, his reply to Glaucon is further explained by arguing for the soul’s division and also, more specifically, the account of the Tyrant. Plato has refuted each of Glaucon’s points in order to make Socrates reply more successful. The tyrannical man is the most unjustly man. He indulges in all his pleasures and sinks further into degeneracy (578a). Because of his desires and conflict to suffice his desires, he is left to resort to unjustly and immoral behavior (578c). Furthermore, Socrates also appeals to the rewards and consequences that one might find in the afterlife. Overall, Socrates description of the city being analogous to the individual soul, is what helps in making his reply successful. Plato’s reply though Socrates is the proposal to construct a city that will help determine what is justice in an individual case.…
“The Republic” by Plato is considered to be a Socratic dialogue finished in 390 BC. In what is considered one of the most valuable pieces of work of Plato tries to answer questions such as: why should people do good things? Or other questions like: are people rewarded for doing bad things? However he also treats other themes as the theory of forms, the immortality of the soul and the roles of the philosopher and of poetry in society. But what we shall explore is how he develops the theme of justice, describe his just state and finally reflect on this just state.…
According to Socrates a just city where most of the population is virtuous, because a just city is based on the virtues of wisdom, moderation, and courage. The reason the city came into existence was for justice, not pleasure and happiness. Wisdom and good judgment are based upon knowledge. Also, Socrates examines the effect of wealth on craftsmen, and states that if a potter gets rich, he will not be concerned for his craft and will become lazy and a bad potter; unless he remains poor, then he wont be able to afford the tools needed to become a good or better potter. As a result, both wealth and poverty cause bad work and workmen, and it should be the duty of the guardians to prevent these from coming into the city.…
Plato divided society into three groups. Briefly describe each of these groups Your answer should be at least three full paragraphs (about five sentences each).…
In doing so, Socrates explains of the two cities and shows that the true city-state has the people being healthy and long lived, while the city with a fever causes wars amongst people. The education of the guardians seem to be an important point Plato makes, but Plato only indicates the guardians education. What about the other citizens of the city? Although Plato’s analogy of the city-state is widely known and praised, his ideal city is definitely not an ideal city for humans to live in. Plato’s city-state is said to have the rulers’ families held in common, meaning that they are to share their wives and kids with others.…
The question of what is just is often sought after in the studying of philosophical works. In Plato’s Republic, the definition of the virtue of justice is pursued. In Book I of Plato’s Republic, Thrasymacus claims the following: “what’s just is nothing other than what’s advantageous of the stronger” (338c). Following that statement, Thrasymacus is asked by Socrates to explain it further, to which Thrasymacus states that in every city that is governed aristocratically, tyrannically, or democratically, the governing group is dominant (338e).…
Guardians are put into place to defend morality and rule society because they know the truth and posses the knowledge and wisdom of true forms. In order for there to be a just state, there must be a balance between the different types of people, namely; reason dominated, spirit dominated and appetite dominated people. This balance is similar to that of the need for balance in a just individual between the tripartheid soul. Those dominant in reason become philosophers, those in spirit become soldiers and those in appetite become commoners. Balance in these traits is necessary in order to achieve a just state.…
Plato defines justice in terms of two types, group and individual. Group justice is a type of political justice and Plato identifies political justice as harmony in a structured political body. Plato's ideal society consists of three classifications of people: producers, auxiliaries and guardians. Producers are people such as farmers and craftsmen. Auxiliaries are the warrior class whose job is to protect the city and carry out the orders of the guardians. The guardians are the ruling class, raised from an early age to be virtuous. Plato's ideal of political justice relies on the principle of specialization. Each person in the society must fulfill the role that he is best suited for, his arête, and not the role that he may desire to fill.…
Totalitarianism consists of a combination of two features: authoritarianism and ideology. By authoritarianism, it means a system in which ordinary citizens have no share, directly or indirectly, in making political decisions1. The latter feature implies a ubiquitous scheme of values propagated by some person or persons and fostered by institutional means in order to direct all aspects of private and public life2 that are significant to politics. With this definition in mind, this essay will put forward an argument in favour of the notion that Plato was a totalitarian, evident in his conception of the kallipolis which drives forward a totalitarian and utopian dream for a ‘natural class rule of the wise few over the ignorant many’3. On the contrary, a literary reading of Plato’s Republic could dismiss such ideas as independent of Plato’s voice in the first place. Furthermore, it has been put forward that Plato’s idealistic state is based on virtue and the happiness of the people, unlike totalitarian states. This essay will discuss and evaluate the extent to which Plato can be considered a totalitarian judging from his ideas on the ideal city-state in The Republic.…
plato's utopia had several features, but he basically tried to make a perfectly just society. in the republic, he examines a few concepts of justice, including justice being telling the truth and repaying your debts, doing good to friends and harm to enemies, and justice being what is in the interest of the stronger. he rejects all these ideas eventually and says that justice is based on a society's natural division of labor. for example, workers perform optimally when they are specialized- a construction worker can't possibly have expertise in medicine, likewise a doctor cant possibly have expertise in trade. also, each person is naturally suited for a certain task. for example, if you're really smart, you're better off being a lawyer than a landscaper (of course, these aren't the examples he gives, i'm just trying to simplify). so, to plato, each person has their own area of expertise that they must focus on. this is a prerequisite for justice, and justice results when everybody does only their designated role and doesn't interfere with the designated roles of others. the way in which he hopes to establish this is through education.…