3. By the fifteenth century, which of the following nations had developed into a strong national monarchy with a centralized bureaucracy and a professional army?…
In a rule using suppression, backed up by the claim to divine authority, an absolute monarchy embodies the omnipotent government reign. Such power was given solely to the head of the state without any constituted restraints. During the Reformation up to the seventeenth century, Europe’s social system started to have conflict as to whether absolute power should be appointed to the king. The king’s subjects, mostly nobles, supported their kings right to absolute power because they got the benefit of political leadership roles and were also given royal protection. The common-folk and the servants were against it because absolutism abused the power in ruling over the peasants as the king, which tended to be restricting.…
Early Reform Papacy: the central administration of Roman Catholic Church (Pope)Indulgence: The forgiveness of punishment due for past sins, granted by Catholic Church authorities as reward for a pious act.Martin Luther Protestant Reformation: religious reform movement within Latin christian church beginning 1519The Reformation SpreadsThe Counter Reformation and the Politics of RegionCatholic Revolution: religious reform movement within Latin Christian church, in response to protestant ReformationReligion and the Ambitions of Kings Local Religion, Traditional Culture, and Witch-Hunts Political InnovationsHoly Roman Empire of the German heartland- loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princesEngland Civil War- a conflict over royal versus parliamentary rights, caused by King Charles I’s arrest of his parliamentary critics ending with his executionVersailles- the huge palace built by French king Louis XVI south of Pariswarfare was almost constant in early modern EuropeEngland merged with Scotland to become Great Britainin order to pay for the costly wars, European countries had to come up with new money plans, such as taxationin a series of wars, England used its naval might to break Dutch dominance in overseas trade and extended its own colonial empire…
2005 (#3): Using examples from at least two different states, analyze the key features of the “new monarchies” and the factors responsible for their rise in the period 1450 to 1550.…
6) How did European monarchs increase their power in the early modern era? What are some of the common characteristics of the new monarchs?…
6. How did European monarchs increase their power in the early modern era? What are some of the common characteristics of the new monarchs?…
Using examples from at least two different states, analyze the key features of the “new monarchies” and the factors responsible for their rise in the period 1450 to 1550.…
7. Which What term is best associated with the unification of European states like France and Spain under all-powerful monarchs, who used their power to subdue the nobility and bring central order to government?…
Absolutism was the beginning of the end for Europe’s nobility when it came to political power and influence. This period is often described as a bridge between Europe’s feudal society in which nobles held ultimate power and status to the capitalist society which eliminated the nobility’s influence over government and politics. Absolute monarchs like France’s King Louis XIV, Russia’s Peter the Great, and Prussia’s Hohenzollern kings, wanted to control their governments with no interference from the nobility. Absolutism greatly diminished the political power of the European nobility while still offering the nobles an opportunity to maintain their economic status and prosperity.…
During the 16th and 17th century Europe, political views on the government varied in Europe. After the Catholic Church’s downfall, absolute monarchs dominated Europe. An analysis of the documents clearly shows that mostly kings favored absolutism and have superiority over their people. On the other hand, some viewed absolutism as a power that made people inferior to the government.…
The absolute age of Europe (roughly 1600’s-1750) was a time when absolute monarchy had begun becoming more popular by countries such as Habsburg's lands, France, and Russia. There Is no one specific formula for an absolute monarchy however, in studying several such monarchies of the 17th century it is evident that the leadership of the country must address and control the countries nobility, economy, bureaucracy, and the countries religious attitude. By examining the policies of Louis XIV,Peter the Great, and the Hohenzollerns, one can see that these essential components of society and government are required to a successful absolute monarchy.…
In the early modern era, several monarchs, by weakening the feudal nobles and allying themselves with the emerging commercial classes, began to consolidate power. Kings and queens tried to bring all of the people they ruled over and all the territories they ruled over into one, unified body (beforehand, even villages would not have anything to do with each other). This however, was a difficult process and sometimes required violence, as well as taking a long time. This birth of a nation-state also lead to the first signs of nationalism, due to monarchs encouraging their subjects to feel loyalty towards the newly established nations.…
The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles fought over the throne of England in the 15th century between 1455 and 1485. The thirty-year conflict is so named based on the symbols of the rival houses, House York (a white rose) and House Lancaster (a red rose). This era consisted of several battles and control of the throne changed five times as both factions gained and lost power. The cause of the conflict has been heatedly debated by historians but is actually a myriad of socio-political and economic causes coming to a boiling point all around the same time. Some of these causes began taking effect over a century before, others were more immediate.…
Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries saw a development of many strong and powerful monarchs. Most of these monarchs were dynamic rulers whose success was due to their attention to all aspects of rule, in particular, economics, society, and foreign policy. Two monarchs who show their strengths and weaknesses in these categories are Elizabeth I of England and Catherine the Great of Russia. Though similar in some methods of their rule, Catherine and Elizabeth held very different foreign policies. These differences are what shaped their unique legacies.…
The War of the Roses affected England's throne for many years, thereby changing the outlook of the country. The War of the Roses was a civil war between the House of York and the House of Lancaster. This civil war impacted the whole country of England from its economy to the rule of that the English government had over England. The War of the Roses had such a big impact on England and lasted for thirty-three years from 1455 until the last battle in 1487. Throughout this period of time, both houses were fighting over the throne of England and who it should belong too. This began because the House of York disliked the way the Lancastrian house was ruling England. Due to the length of the war and all the different groups of English nobility being…