This reading shows Foucault’s critical viewpoint on Immanuel Kant’s perception of Enlightenment and briefly mentions Foucault’s own ideas about Enlightenment.…
becomes a cooperative entity where people come to rely on one another and people actually…
This was a signifier of the important influence for new techniques of disciplinary technology which lead to surveillance. Foucault wrote a book ‘Discipline and Punish’, where he used Bentham’s design as an argument of knowledge and power. “The panopticon brings together power, control of the body, control of groups and knowledge (The inmate is observed and examined systematically in his cell).” [1]Foucault explains the use of the panopticon, the controller from the middle tower is able to see the individual inmates in their cells. He later in his book goes on to say, “The Panopticon is a marvellous machine which, whatever use one may wish to put it to, produces homogeneous effects of power.”[2, page 202] What he meant by this is, where ever you put the panopticon to use it can be in prison or in schools, the power will act in a certain way within it. Each person who is held within it, are constantly in the watchful eyes of the observer and are kept isolated. The reason why it is marvellous is because the concept is unusual as well as clever, whereby one single person is able to overpower many…
• Collective dilemma: A situation in which there is a conflict between group goals and…
Its primary goal was to “generate a symbiotic relationship between the observer and the observed” and would provide those inside with a “clean, well-lighted, and relatively pleasant environment, and the warden with the most efficient means of control through minimal effort.” (Bak 40-41) Physically, the Panopticon is a wheel-like structure with a central tower and connecting cells protruding from its center, making it possible for a single person to monitor the populace. The directive of the structure was to make the authoritative power between inmate and warden irreversible by making “the subject visible and the observer’s presence unverifiable,” similar, in concept, to a two-way mirror. (Bak 41) The prisoner had no means of counter-surveillance while the observer would be able to keep each cell in sight at all times. The concept may seem effective, but only for the observer. In implementing the use of the Panopticon the psychological health of those being observed declined sharply. As a result, “panopticism grew literally from a "house of certainty" into a societal mode of inquiry and inquisition reminiscent of Orwell's Big Brother or Fitzgerald's Doctor T. J. Eckleburg.” (Bak 42) Beginning as a tool of benevolent control, the Panopticon developed into a disciplinary weapon. Whether it is present or merely threatened, surveillance proved to…
In his concept of the panopticon, Foucault adopted Jeremy Bentham’s prison design as a metaphor for modern disciplinary power. According to Foucault, discipline is invoked through an individual’s consciousness of permanent visibility and surveillance, resulting in compliant and self-policing behaviours as if constantly being watched (Nettleton, 1997). Engrained in this concept is Foucault’s notion of discourse, where he asserts that power is fabricated through language and practices, acting as leverage in legitimising power (Nettleton, 1997). In turn, discourse influences how expert knowledge and ideologies are constructed and maintained within social institutions and processes, and the ensuing power relations observable in society (Nettleton,…
The Berlin wall separated East and West Germany both physically and politically. Disabling families to convene, putting people out of their jobs, and creating a divide between the Communist East Germany and the Democratic West Germany. Civilians inhabiting East Germany lived under strict rule, restricted to not even being able to leave their homes. Living under such strict, controlled power implied there needed to be surveillance in order to eliminate unfaithfulness to communism. Government officials, police, and other advocates watched the society closely to ensure complete obedience reminding us of Michael Foucault’s theory of punishment and discipline and Jeremy Bentham’s Panopticon. Analyzing East Germany circa 1984 through Florian von…
In Michel Foucault's (1975) excerpt, Panopticism he states that the development of discipline in the 18th and 19th centuries came from he emergence of prison as the form of punishment for every crime. During these times the major crimes committed were from the French Revolution and the major riots and civil unrest in the French society. In these prisons the Panopticon puts the inmates in a different state in which each one is there own separate individual. Foucault states that the major effect of these Panopticon are that they “induce the inmate in a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power.” ”Such a structure allows individuals to be seen and restricts their ability to communicate with the security, the warden, or other prisoners." In this case, crowds are nonexistent and each person is confined to their cell where they can be viewed by the watcher. He states that this new form of punishment lead to the development of a whole new kind of individuality for bodies. The brilliance of this prison is that the Panopticon forces blindness onto the prisoner where he or she is never sure if someone’s watching or not, inducing a harmless form of paranoia, keeping people in place.…
Ultimately, Foucault argues, the “panoptic schema” makes it possible to “perfect the exercise of power”. However, given all of these advantages and how well it works in examples of panoptic spaces such as SAT testing centers, why, then, is society not, as Jeremy Bentham envisioned “penetrated through and through with disciplinary mechanisms” with panopticons as its building…
struggle for power within a society. It occurs when two or more people oppose one another in…
Foucault pointed out that in order to be a true parrhesiast one need not participate directly in the political activities. Parresia as an obligation to speak the truth requires fruitful consequences. On the contrary, the parrhesiastes well being is always at risk in their truth-telling discourse whether it is in a democratic, an autocratic or an oligarchic regime. For instance, Socrates preferred to live a quite life without getting involved in the political activities. He was a parrhesiast who would only tell the truth even at the cost of his life. He neither listened to the higher authority nor completed the tasks assigned to him and yet he still exercised parresia outside the assemblies and courts. When one practices parresia, he speaks…
• Order and Disorder: The struggle to maintain or destroy social and natural bonds and the destruction of morality and mutual trust. Unnatural acts such as murder and witchcraft are always accompanied by unnatural events in nature. Eg, after Duncan’s murder we are told that darkness seemed to cover the earth and that his horses ate each other; and storms, lightning and thunder accompanied the witches’ meetings.…
By punishing the soul, judgement of the soul has been created, therefore creating judgement of the individual. At the end of the eighteenth century, rather than taking revenge on the individual and making them pay their debt to society, the individual is punished, critiqued, and examined. Foucault goes on to say that prisons represent other institutions that judge such as schools and hospitals. They are fixed spaces in which time is spent where people are given examinations and are judged.…
When in the Course of human events it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another…
This is when the individual parts of a group create a greater outcome than just the sum of the members. The potential that 4 individuals bring into a situation in multiplied because of the group dynamic.…