Preview

Medical Immunology

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
2426 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Medical Immunology
MEDICAL IMMUNOLOGY & SEROLOGY

Terence L. Eday, RMT, MT(ASCPi), MPH
College of Medical Technology / Medical Laboratory Science

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA

Historical Perspective
• 1773, Voltaire reported on an ancient Chinese custom where dried and powdered small pox scabs were inhaled
• 1798, Edward Anthony Jenner, Smallpox vaccination • 1862, Ernst Haekel, Recognition of phagocytosis

• 1877, Paul Erlich, recognition of mast cells

Historical Perspective
• 1879, Louis Pasteur, Attennuated chicken cholera vaccine development • 1883, Ellie Metchnikoff developed the cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis; phagocytic theory; cellular theory of vaccination
• 1885, Pasteur discovered therapeutic vaccination; first report of live “attenuated” vaccine for rabies

Historical Perspective
• 1888, Pierre Roux & Alexander Yersin, Bacterial toxins (Yersinia pestis) • 1888, George Nuttall, Bactericidal action of blood
• 1890, Emil von Behring and Kitasata introduced passive immunization into modern medicine; humoral theory of immunity • 1891, Robert Koch demonstrated the cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity • 1894, Richard Pfeiffer, Bacteriolysis

Historical Perspective (1 of 6 )
• 1895, Jules Bordet, Complement and antibody activity in bacteriolysis • 1900, Paul Ehrlich, responsible for the antibody formation theory
• 1901, Karl Landsteiner, A, B, and O • 1901-8, Carl Jensen & Leo Loeb, Transplantable tumors • 1902, Paul Portier & Charles Richet, Anaphylaxis

Historical Perspective (1 of 6 )
• 1903, Nicolas Maurice Arthus, discovered the Arthus reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity
• 1903, Almroth Wright and Stewart Douglas observed the humoral component, opsonin • 1906, Clemens von Pirquet, coined the word allergy • 1907, Svante Arrhenius, coined the term immunochemistry

Historical Perspective
• 1910, Emil von Dungern, & Ludwik Hirszfeld, Inheritance of ABO blood groups
• 1910, Peyton Rous, Viral

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    The revolution for vaccinations started with a discovery in 1796 by Edward Jenner. He found that both cowpox and smallpox were very similar and that by injecting the patient with the reasonably harmless cowpox they would then be immune to smallpox! The finding of vaccinations carried on rapidly and by 1900 a vaccine had been found for: cholera (1879), anthrax (1881), rabies (1882), tetanus and diphtheria (developed in 1890 by Emil Von Behring who also discovered antitoxins), typhoid fever (1896) and plague (1897). Likewise, there were many other extremely important and influential discoveries during the time of the revolution. X-rays were brought in in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen and in 1899 aspirin was manufactured by Felix Hoffman. These were all major changes for the better and contributed to making diseases less deadly and more uncommon.…

    • 882 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Health Care Museum

    • 810 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Louis Pasteur, born in Dole, a small town in eastern France had an interest in scientific subjects. In 1847, he received his doctoral degree. Pasteur believed that if germs were the cause of fermentation they could also be the cause of contagious diseases. He began to develop the Germ Theory of Disease, and eventually, developed vaccinations. In 1881, Pasteur successfully developed and introduced to the public his anthrax vaccine. In 1855, He launched one of his most famous developments – a vaccine against rabies. Soon after the vaccines were tested and were successful, the Pasteur Institute was built in Paris to treat victims with rabies and other diseases.…

    • 810 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Autism and Biology

    • 1048 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Goines, P., & Van de Water, J. (2010). The immune system’s role in the biology of…

    • 1048 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Mystery Microbe

    • 2499 Words
    • 10 Pages

    References: Breed, Robert S., Murray, E.D.G., Smith, Nathan R. et al. 1957. Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore. 1094 pages…

    • 2499 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    A remarkable breakthrough in medicine occurred in the late 1800s through the work of Louis Pasteur. Pasteur's experiments showed that bacteria reproduce like other living things and travel from place to place. Using the results of his findings, he developed pasteurization, which is the process of heating liquids to kill bacteria and prevent fermentation. He also produced an anthrax vaccine as well as a way to weaken the rabies virus. After studying Pasteur's work, Joseph Lister developed antisepsis, which is the process of killing disease-causing germs. In 1865 before an operation, he cleansed a leg wound first with carbolic acid, and performed the surgery with sterilized (by heat) instruments. The wound healed, and the patient survived. Prior to surgery, the patient would've needed an amputation. However, by incorporating these antiseptic procedures in all of his surgeries, he decreased postoperative deaths. The use of antiseptics eventually helped reduce bacterial infection not only in surgery but also in childbirth and in the treatment of battle wounds. Another man that made discoveries that reinforced those of Pasteur's was Robert Koch. Robert Koch isolated the germ that causes tuberculosis, identified the germ responsible for Asiatic cholera, and developed sanitary measures to prevent disease. (1)…

    • 753 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Robert S. Breed, E.G.D. Murray, Nathan R. Smith. (1957). Bergey 's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology…

    • 2943 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Before Koch’s developed the understanding of the causes of disease, Louis Pasteur published his ‘germ theory’ in 1861. His theory was that germs also cause human diseases. He carried out a series of experiments three years later, which convinced scientists that his germ theory was correct. It meant that for the first time in history, scientists and doctors knew the origin of diseases – in general.…

    • 326 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    History of Vaccines

    • 255 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The history of vaccines begins with the long history of infectious diseases in humans. Smallpox was the first recorded infectious disease that spread worldwide. Edward Jenner was the first to start the fight against the disease and set precedents for vaccines. He used cowpox materials to create immunity to smallpox in 1796, and his methods underwent modifications over the following 200 years, which eventually resulted in the eradication of smallpox. Louis Pasteur’s 1885 rabies vaccine was the next to make an impact on human disease, which led to the dawn of bacteriology (the study of bacteria). Antitoxins and vaccines against diphtheria, tetanus, anthrax, cholera, plague, typhoid, tuberculosis, and more were developed through the 1930s. The middle of the 20th century was a very significant time for vaccine research and development. Scientist were able to grow viruses in labs, and that allowed them too rapidly discover and develop new vaccines, like the vaccine for polio. Vaccines were also developed for diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella which reduced the amount of diseases that vaccines were not discovered for. Maurice Ralph Hilleman was an American microbiologist who specialized in vaccinology and developed over 36 vaccines, including the vaccines, that are still used today, for measles, mumps, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chickenpox, meningitis, pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. From the early harassment of smallpox, to the establishment of vaccination mandates, to the effect of war and social unrest on vaccine-preventable diseases. Edward Jenner, Louis Pasteur, and Maurice Hilleman were pioneers in vaccine development receive particular attention as…

    • 255 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    A clear definition of a vaccination is, "the generic term for immunization procedures. Immunization is a procedure whereby living or nonliving materials are introduced into the body…:" (Nosal, 1999) The concept that people who survive an infectious disease do not get the same disease again is the basis for the administering of vaccinations. Vaccines are normally given to healthy individuals for the prevention of diseases. Vaccines work by using a human host to provide a stimulus to the immune system. Immunization is used for viral and bacterial diseases. Rappuolli reports and predicts, "Vaccines will not only be used to prevent infections, but also to cure chronic infectious diseases, tumors, diseases and allergies." (1999) Even though there are risks involved with being vaccinated, there is no doubt that vaccines have been the most effective means of combating deadly infectious diseases throughout the twentieth century.…

    • 2004 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    (15/15) Who was the scientist who came up with the vaccine and why is the method of administering it so effective?…

    • 354 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The Black Plague is an infection caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis (originally known as Pasteurella…

    • 2140 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Measles

    • 2319 Words
    • 10 Pages

    The college of physicians of Philadelphia. The history of vaccines. 2012. website. 12 july 2012. <http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/timelines/measles>.…

    • 2319 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    My name is Walla Fallatah and I just earned my master's degree in the Immunology and Infection from the University of Texas Health San Antonio. I am currently seeking for a Research Assistant/ technician position in the field of Immunology.…

    • 81 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The Bubonic Plague otherwise known as the Black Death, has gotten most of its attention from medieval paintings, poetry, and journals of revulsion. The real horror, was the disturbing biological evidence of the bacteria that caused all the pandemics, known as Yersinia pestis. The pathogen got its name from the two investigators Yersin and Kitasato. In 1894, Yersin was known as the main investigator (ergo. Named after him), he claimed that the mice/rats were affected by the plague even before man was affected. Myths and sayings that originated in China, India, and Formosa said that it was the “disease of the rats”. It was Simond who observed that coming into contact with the dead rodents after 24 hours did not transmit the plague to the handler. He hypothesized that it must be in the fleas. He experimented with a plagued rat and a healthy rat, but made sure they never made contact but were relatively in the same vicinity. Not long after the plagued rat was killed, did the healthy rat get infected by the plague and die also(Schoenstadt,2). The bacteria originated from a more previous strain of Yersinia known as, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Pseudotuberculosis originated from Yersinia enterocolitica (Wren). How plague was introduced to man had been lacking evidence for many years, and debates submerged that Yersinia pestis was not the bacteria that caused plague but through sequences and varying tests on fossils from medieval graves in London showed that it was indeed Yersinia pestis and not its ancestor Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The adaptations that this pathogen have acquired were different from that of it’s ancestor’s because it is transmitted through infected flea or rodent bites.…

    • 1701 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Bio-227

    • 3682 Words
    • 15 Pages

    Compare and contrast the origin, maturation process, and general function of B and T lymphocytes.…

    • 3682 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Powerful Essays

Related Topics