Loftus and Palmer study notes
Cognitive psychology
Behaviour can largely be explained in terms of how the mind operates
The mind works in a manner which is similar to a computer; inputting, storing and retrieving data
Multi-store model of memory
Akinson and Shiffrin suggested that memory was comprised of three separate stores, the Sensory Memory Store, the short-term memory and the long-term memory. Each store had a specific and relatively inflexible function.
Information is simply rehearsed in the STM and if rehearsed sufficiently is transferred to LTM. Information to be recalled from LTM passes back through STM producing the associated response. This model is represented below as a diagram
Multi-store model of memory
Sensory Memory: Holds information very briefly. Each sensory modality has its own store.
Short Term Memory: Limited capacity, can only store information for a few seconds.
Long Term Memory: Can store vast amounts of information (unlimited capacity?) for very long periods of time.
Control Processes, such as attention and maintenance rehearsal are also an important part of the model. These control the flow of information between the stores.
Atkinson & Schriffrin (1968)
Sensory Register:
Incoming info attended too.
Storage capacity – large.
Tiny Fraction of information in the SENSORY REGISTOR, which is attended to. Then passed into next store.
Short Term Memory (STM) Limited capacity. Info can be easily displaced or disrupted.
Miller (1956) demonstrated that STM can hold 7 +/- 2 items.
Information here tends to be stored acoustically - in terms of its sound.
Transfer from STM to Long Term Memory (LTM). Providing it has not been forgotten through decay or displacement.
Long Term Memory
Limitless capacity.
Memory Traces can last a lifetime.
Information coded semantically
Store information according to it’s meaning.
Tulving (1972) Outlined 3 types of LTM.
Episodic Memory - events
Semantic Memory - knowledge
Behaviour can largely be explained in terms of how the mind operates
The mind works in a manner which is similar to a computer; inputting, storing and retrieving data
Multi-store model of memory
Akinson and Shiffrin suggested that memory was comprised of three separate stores, the Sensory Memory Store, the short-term memory and the long-term memory. Each store had a specific and relatively inflexible function.
Information is simply rehearsed in the STM and if rehearsed sufficiently is transferred to LTM. Information to be recalled from LTM passes back through STM producing the associated response. This model is represented below as a diagram
Multi-store model of memory
Sensory Memory: Holds information very briefly. Each sensory modality has its own store.
Short Term Memory: Limited capacity, can only store information for a few seconds.
Long Term Memory: Can store vast amounts of information (unlimited capacity?) for very long periods of time.
Control Processes, such as attention and maintenance rehearsal are also an important part of the model. These control the flow of information between the stores.
Atkinson & Schriffrin (1968)
Sensory Register:
Incoming info attended too.
Storage capacity – large.
Tiny Fraction of information in the SENSORY REGISTOR, which is attended to. Then passed into next store.
Short Term Memory (STM) Limited capacity. Info can be easily displaced or disrupted.
Miller (1956) demonstrated that STM can hold 7 +/- 2 items.
Information here tends to be stored acoustically - in terms of its sound.
Transfer from STM to Long Term Memory (LTM). Providing it has not been forgotten through decay or displacement.
Long Term Memory
Limitless capacity.
Memory Traces can last a lifetime.
Information coded semantically
Store information according to it’s meaning.
Tulving (1972) Outlined 3 types of LTM.
Episodic Memory - events
Semantic Memory - knowledge