Lab1 Bio156

LAB 1
1. Describe the function of the following pieces of safety equipment and how each might be used: (10 points)
a. Eye Wash (2 points) In the event of a chemical splash to the eyes, flood the eyes for at least 15-30 minutes with water. Flush from the eye outward.
b. Fire Blanket (2 points) if a small fire starts it can be put out with a fire blanket or and extinguisher
c. Shower (2 points) designed to flood your body with water in the event of a fire or chemical spill.
d. Chemical Spill Kit (2 points) a kit used to clean up a chemical spill and then properly disposed of after the clean up.
e. Biological Spill Solution (2 points) clean all surfaces before and after with 10% bleach cleaning solution.
2. Briefly describe a situation when each of the following waste disposal containers would be used and give examples of the waste involved: (4 points)
a. Broken Glass Container (2 points) a glass container could be used when mixing chemicals in an experimental lab. If a glass container breaks in this process Discard coverslips and broken glass in a designated "Broken Glass Container."
b. Biological Hazards Materials Container (2 points) this container comes into play when you have been working with biological material and at the end or your lab you need to properly dispose of the material used.

3. Metric Measurements: Perform each of the following conversions. (24 points)
a. Given that one inch = 2.54 cm. State the student's height in inches and then convert to centimeters. (4 points) the student is 5feet 4inches tall which converts to 162.56cm

b. The width of a normal sheet of paper is 8.5 inches. Convert this length to kilometers. (4 points) an 8.5 inch piece of paper converts to 0.00021590km

c. A lab exercise in BIO156 required 300 ml of water that was poured from a two-liter container. How many milliliters were left in the original container? (4 points) One half of 300 ml is 150 ml

d. A typical can of soda is 355 ml. How many liters are there in this can of soda? (4 points) 355 ml coverts to 0.35500 liters

e. The weight of a small bag of sugar is 2.265 kg. The student is baking cakes for a college scholarship fundraiser. It takes 100 grams of sugar to make one small cake. How many cakes can be made from a single bag of sugar? (4 points) 2200 cakes at 100g of sugar can be made from a single bag of sugar.

f. The student is conducting a nutrition experiment using lab rats. One group (control group) is fed a normal diet, while the other group (experimental group) is fed a diet high in protein. There were 30 rats total used in the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the average mass (weight) of a rat in the control group was 60.4 g while the average mass (weight) of a rat in the experimental group was 0.0689 kg. What is the average difference in weight between the two groups in grams? (4 points) the average difference in weight between the two groups is 8.5 grams
4. Temperature: Perform the following temperature conversions: (6 points)
a. Normal body temperature is 98.6°F. The student is not feeling well and only has a Celsius thermometer available. The student's temperature is taken and the thermometer reads 38.5°C.
1. Convert the temperature to Fahrenheit. (1 point) 38.5 degrees C converts to 101.3 degrees F
2. Is the student running a fever (i.e., is the normal body temperature above normal)? (1 point) Yes, the student is running a fever.

b. The student's cookbook says roast beef is rare at 140°F, medium at 160°F, and well done at 170°F. The student prefers beef cooked medium and only has a meat thermometer in °C. What temperature will the thermometer reach for the roast to be done the way the student likes it? (2 points) The thermometer should read 71.1 degrees C.

c. The student is driving in Mexico and notices that daytime temperatures are only given in °C. The student sees a sign indicating that the current temperature is 29°C. What is the temperature in °F? (2 points) it is 84.2 degrees F.

5. What is the purpose of the control group in the Scientific Method? Briefly explain and use examples. (5 points) It’s the group in which the experimental group is compared to. The purpose of the control group is to "control" for extraneous variables. The control group does not change while the experimental group is tested multiple times to ensure reproducible results.

6. Design a (hypothetical) experiment that adheres to the Scientific Method. Be sure to include all the necessary requirements at each step and give examples at all of the steps. Start with an observation, whether it's real or made up, state the null hypothesis, and design an experiment (including an experimental and control group, random sampling, sample size, and reproducibility) that will allow the student to reject or fail to reject the hypothesis, and state the conclusion (** 20 points.)
Observation: When observing several birds in multiple neighborhoods when the sun shines birds chirp or communicate to other birds more frequently.
Hypothesis: Birds have no preference of sun or clouds when it comes to the amount of chirping they do towards their fellow birds.
Experimental: 80 birds are randomly chosen for experiment. The birds were split into a control group and an experimental group. The experiment was conducted many times by many researchers to ensure the experiment was reproducible. It was found birds in a cloudy forecast chirp less than birds in sunny forecast; therefore the null hypothesis was rejected.
Conclusion: Birds do have a preference when it comes to forecast at the rate they chirp or communicate to other birds. Birds chirp more when the sun is shining.

7.
a. What solution is used to clean biological spills (be specific)? (2 points) a 10% bleach solution
b. Why is this different than solutions used for chemical spills? (3 points) using bleach is not appropriate when cleaning up chemical spills.
8. List three things that one can do to protect oneself from contamination/injury in the laboratory. (6 points)
a. Put up long hair passed shoulder length(2 points)
b. Wear gloves when working with biological materials(2 points)
c. Wear goggles when working with dangerous chemicals(2 points)
9. (Application) How might the information gained from this lab pertaining to the scientific method, safety, or measurement be useful to a student employed in a healthcare related profession? (20 points)
I can apply the scientific method to my career as a dental hygienist when I give information on diseases and treatment for these conditions. Having knowledge on the scientific method will allow me to educate my patient on the disease and the research that has been conducted to ensure the proper treatment. Being knowledgeable in the steps of the scientific method will also ensure that when helping the patient understand I can explain it in an order that makes sense and hit all areas from when it was discovered to the experiments in which the best treatments were found. For example periodontal disease is found in nearly half of all Americans. There are many options for treatment, and with scientific knowledge these options can be explained to the patient by assessing which treatment has concluded the best results in research.