IPC 1

Speech Notes; Test 1
Chapter 1 feedforward; Information that is sent before a regular message telling the listener something about what to follow. Messages that are prefatory to more central messages.

Feedback; Information that is given back to the source; may come from the sources own message (when you hear what you are saying) or from the reciever (applause, yawning, puzzled look, letters to the editor)

Interpersonal Communication; Communication between two persons or among a small group of persons and distinguished from public or mass communications: Communication of a personal nature & distinguished from interpersonal communication between or among connected persons or those involved in a close relationship

Interpersonal Competence; The knowledge of the ability to communicate effectively in interpersonal interactions

Six Principles of interpersonal communication;

1) Interpersonal communication is a package of signals; > Packaging; Make your verbal & nonverbal messages consistent; Inconsistencies often create uncertainty and misunderstanding

2) Interpersonal communication involves content and relationship messages; > Content & relationship dimensions; two aspects to which messages may refer; the world external to both the speaker and listener (content) and the connections existing between individuals who are interacting (relationship) > relationship message; Messages that comment on the relationship between the speakers rather than on matters external to them. 3) Interpersonal Communication is a process of adjustment > Adjustment (principle of) The principle of verbal interactions that claim that effective communication depends on the extent to which communicators share the same system of signals. * Context Adjustment; Adjust your messages to the physical, cultural, social-psychological and temporal context. > Communication Accomadation; Accommodate to the speaking style of your listeners in moderation. too much mirroring of the other’s style may appear manipulative

4) Interpersonal communication is Ambiguous; > Ambiguous Message; A communication that can be interpreted as having more than one meaning

5) Interpersonal communication is inevitable, irreversible and unrepeatable; > Inevitability; A principle of communication holding that communication cannot be avoided; all behavior in an interactional setting is communication. > Irreversibility; A principle of communication holding that communication cannot be reversed; once something has been communicated it cannot be uncommunicated.

6) Interpersonal communication is purposeful; > through interpersonal communications we learn, relate, influence, play & help

Five Purposes of interpersonal Communication;
1) To influence control, manipulate, direct
2) To relate, establish/ maintain interpersonal relationships
3) To learn; acquire knowledge of oneself, the world, acquire skills
4) To help minister to the needs of others, console
5) To play, escape from work enjoy oneself

Chapter 2;

Self Concept; Your self-image, the view you have of who you are.. a) Your Interpretations and evaluations; how do I evaluate my own feelings and behaviors? b) Cultural Teachings; How do I fulfill the teachings of my culture? c) Others’ images; How do significant others see me? d) Social comparisons; How do I compare to my peers?

Self-awareness; The degree to which you know yourself

Johari Window; A tool commonly used for examining what you know and don’t know about yourself / A diagram of the the four selves ( open, blind, hidden & unknown) a) Open Self; Represents all the information, behaviors, attitudes, feelings, desires, motivations, and ideas that characterize you. information about yourself that you and others know b) Blind Self; Represents all the things about yourself that others know but you do not. c) Hidden Self; Contains all that you know of yourself but that you keep to yourself d) Unknown Self; Represents truths that exist but that neither you or others know

Self-disclosure; The process of revealing something about yourself to another; usually refers to information you’d normally keep hidden.
Rewards of Self-disclosure; Helps to increase self knowledge, communication and relationship effectiveness and physiological well-being

Dangers of Self-disclosure;
The more you reveal about yourself to others the more areas of your life you expose to possible attack ~ personal risk; ~ relationship risk ~ Professional risks

Responding to others’ disclosures; Listen actively support the disclosure, and keep the disclosures confidential

Interpersonal Apprehension Apprehension; fear or anxiety in interpersonal communication settings

Managing Apprehension;
1) Acquire communication skills & experience; engage in experiences even if they prove difficult at first
2) Focus on Success; Prior success generally reduces apprehension. So think positive
3) Reduce unpredictability; The more unpredictable the situation the greater your apprehension
4) Put apprehension in perspective; become familiar with the situation.

Chapter 3;

Five Stages of Perceptopn;

1) you sense, you pick up some kind of stimulation ~ Selective perception; The tendency to perceive certain things and others; Included Selective attention & Selective Exposure.
> Selective Attention; The tendency to attend to those things that you want to see or expect to see
> Selective Exposure; The tendency to expose your senses to certain things and not others, to actively seek out information that supports your beliefs and to avoid information that contradicts those beliefs.

2) organize the stimuli in some way

A. Organization by Rules; a) Proximity (physical closeness); Things that are physically close together constitute a unit ~ temporal rule: things occurring together in time belong together b) Similarity; Things that are physically similar, things that look alike belong together and form a unit c) Contrast; Opposite of Similarity, when items (people or messages) are very different from each other

B. Organization by Schemata Schemata; Ways of organizing perceptions: mental templates or structures that help you organize the millions of items of information you come in contact with every day as well as those you already have in memory: General ideas about groups of people or individuals, about yourself or the types of social roles (stereotypes) ( Schemata is Plural for schema)

C) Organization by Scripts; Script; A type of Schemata: An organized body of information about some action, event, or procedure. A script provides a general idea of how some event should play out or unfold, the rules governing the events and their sequence.

3) Interpret and evaluate what you perceive Subjective and is greatly influenced by your experiences, needs, wants, values, beliefs, about the way things are or should be. Will be influenced by your rules, schemata, and scripts as well as by your gender.

4) Store it in memory your perceptions and their interpretation-evaluations are put into memory; they're stored so you may ultimately retrieve them @ some later time.

5) Retrieve when needed

Chapter 4

Four Types of Listening

1) Comprehensive- Listening to get it

2) Critical- Listening to evaluate a message

3) Empathetic- Listening to provide emotional support

4) Appreciative listening- Listening for pleasure and enjoyment

Four causes of Poor Listening / Effective Listening

1) not concentrating / resist distractions

2) Listening too hard / Listening for main ideas

3) Jump to conclusions / Don’t judge until the speaker is finished

4) Focus on delivery / Judge on content not delivery