exam review
Research Methods Final Exam Review
1) What sets an experiment aside from the rest? -random assignment -manipulation -controlling for confounds -causal relationship
2) independent variable: variable that gets manipulated/controlled.
3) within subject: everybody gets exposed to all levels (treatment); experiment with a few individuals; Designed to study “laws” of behavior; Historically significant
4) between subjects: diff groups assigned to diff levels (control)
5) order effects: (testing effects): problem in within subject design; occur when participants are tested more than once in a study with early testing affecting later testing.
6) counterbalancing (combats testing effects): change the order; controlling for the effects of an extraneous variable by ensuring that its effects are equal in all treatment conditions. For example, order effects can be counterbalanced by administering the various procedures in different sequences.
7) systematic root differences (a problem in between subject designs)
8) match design (contains random assignment; combats systematic root differences): participants are grouped through the coupling of participants from similar attributes such as age, height, interests etc. used when there is an extraneous variable that the experimenter thinks might be related to the dependent variable … and the experimenter wants to be sure it does not become a confounding variable. For example, in an experiment with two conditions, the experimenter might create a pair of 60-year-olds, a pair of 57-year-olds, a pair of 52-year-olds, a pair of 37-year-olds, and so on. Then the experimenter would randomly assign one member of each pair to one condition and the other member to the other condition
9) factorial design: has 2 or more independent variables; all levels of each independent variable are combined with all levels of the other independent variables to produce all possible conditions. For example, a
1) What sets an experiment aside from the rest? -random assignment -manipulation -controlling for confounds -causal relationship
2) independent variable: variable that gets manipulated/controlled.
3) within subject: everybody gets exposed to all levels (treatment); experiment with a few individuals; Designed to study “laws” of behavior; Historically significant
4) between subjects: diff groups assigned to diff levels (control)
5) order effects: (testing effects): problem in within subject design; occur when participants are tested more than once in a study with early testing affecting later testing.
6) counterbalancing (combats testing effects): change the order; controlling for the effects of an extraneous variable by ensuring that its effects are equal in all treatment conditions. For example, order effects can be counterbalanced by administering the various procedures in different sequences.
7) systematic root differences (a problem in between subject designs)
8) match design (contains random assignment; combats systematic root differences): participants are grouped through the coupling of participants from similar attributes such as age, height, interests etc. used when there is an extraneous variable that the experimenter thinks might be related to the dependent variable … and the experimenter wants to be sure it does not become a confounding variable. For example, in an experiment with two conditions, the experimenter might create a pair of 60-year-olds, a pair of 57-year-olds, a pair of 52-year-olds, a pair of 37-year-olds, and so on. Then the experimenter would randomly assign one member of each pair to one condition and the other member to the other condition
9) factorial design: has 2 or more independent variables; all levels of each independent variable are combined with all levels of the other independent variables to produce all possible conditions. For example, a