Exam 3 Study Guide
Exam 3 Study Guide
Chapter 11: Acid-Base Balance During Exercise
Acids and Bases
Acid
Molecule that can liberate H+ (proton donor)
Increases H+ concentration in solution
Lactic acid is a strong acid
Base
Molecule that is capable of combining with H+
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is a strong base pH Expression of H+ solution in solution
Negative logarithm of H+ concentration pH = -log10[H+] pH of pure water pH (pure water) = -log10[H+] = 7.0 pH of Blood
Normal
pH = 7.4 ± 0.05
Acidosis
pH < 7.4
Alkalosis
pH > 7.4
Abnormal pH can disrupt normal body function and affect performance
Survival range: 6.8 – 7.8
Conditions and Diseases That Promote Metabolic Acidosis or Alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Gain in the amount of acid in the body
Long-term starvation
Through production of ketoacids
From fat metabolism
Uncontrolled diabetes
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Loss of acids from the body
Severe vomiting
Kidney disease
In Summary
Acids are defined as molecules that can liberate hydrogen ions, which increases the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution.
Bases are molecules that are capable of combining with hydrogen ions.
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is quantified by pH units. The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration: pH = -log10[H+]
Sources of H+ Ions During Exercise
Production of carbon dioxide
End product of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism
CO2 + H2O ↔ H+ + HCO3-
Production of lactic acid and lactate
From carbohydrate and fat metabolism
ATP breakdown
Results in release of H+
ATP + H2O ↔ ADP + HPO4- + H+
Sources of Hydrogen Ions Due to Metabolic Process
Sport and Exercise-Induced Disturbances in Muscle Acid-Base Balance
Sports lasting ≥45 seconds can produce significant amounts of H+
In many sports, risk of acid-base balance is related to effort of the competitor
Playing at 100% increases risk
Sprint to finish in
Chapter 11: Acid-Base Balance During Exercise
Acids and Bases
Acid
Molecule that can liberate H+ (proton donor)
Increases H+ concentration in solution
Lactic acid is a strong acid
Base
Molecule that is capable of combining with H+
Bicarbonate (HCO3-) is a strong base pH Expression of H+ solution in solution
Negative logarithm of H+ concentration pH = -log10[H+] pH of pure water pH (pure water) = -log10[H+] = 7.0 pH of Blood
Normal
pH = 7.4 ± 0.05
Acidosis
pH < 7.4
Alkalosis
pH > 7.4
Abnormal pH can disrupt normal body function and affect performance
Survival range: 6.8 – 7.8
Conditions and Diseases That Promote Metabolic Acidosis or Alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Gain in the amount of acid in the body
Long-term starvation
Through production of ketoacids
From fat metabolism
Uncontrolled diabetes
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Loss of acids from the body
Severe vomiting
Kidney disease
In Summary
Acids are defined as molecules that can liberate hydrogen ions, which increases the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution.
Bases are molecules that are capable of combining with hydrogen ions.
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is quantified by pH units. The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration: pH = -log10[H+]
Sources of H+ Ions During Exercise
Production of carbon dioxide
End product of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism
CO2 + H2O ↔ H+ + HCO3-
Production of lactic acid and lactate
From carbohydrate and fat metabolism
ATP breakdown
Results in release of H+
ATP + H2O ↔ ADP + HPO4- + H+
Sources of Hydrogen Ions Due to Metabolic Process
Sport and Exercise-Induced Disturbances in Muscle Acid-Base Balance
Sports lasting ≥45 seconds can produce significant amounts of H+
In many sports, risk of acid-base balance is related to effort of the competitor
Playing at 100% increases risk
Sprint to finish in