Experiment two hypothesis: The Achilles tendon response will be slower than the patellar response.
The patellar reflex will decrease when the quadriceps is tensed
The Achilles reflex will increase with a heavier tap. 4.Hypothesis
17) Tests both upper and lower motor pathways. The sole of the foot is stimulated with a dull instrument.…
Refer to lab protocol for exact measurements. For each trial, the participant had to move a stylus between two targets, moving as fast as possible while maintaining accuracy. Each trial consisted of a fifteen second period, the number of total taps was recorded. Results from five participants were taken. Results represented movement times for index’s of difficulties of 1-4. The index of difficulty was an independent variable, movement time the dependent variable. It was expected that movement time was to increase with an increase in index of…
The sensory receptor detects a stimulus. The interneurons receive inputs from sensory receptors and synapse on motor neurons. The effects on motor neurons can be excitatory or inhibitory. Lastly, motor neurons produce muscle contraction, and motor response. Reflexes often have effects in groups of motor neurons to different muscles; sometimes at different joints in the same limb or in a different limb. Reflexes are valuable tools for clinical evaluation of how our nervous system is functioning. For reflex to occur, all elements must be functional and our pathways must be intact. If reflexes are absent, the physician can diagnose where the pathway has been interrupted and can diagnose where function is compromised.…
Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question: As the stimulus frequency increases further, what will happen to the muscle tension and twitch appearance with each successive stimulus? Will there be a limit to this response? Your answer : a. As the stimulus frequency increases, the muscle tension generated by each successive stimulus will increase. There will be no limit to this increase. Stop & Think Questions: What begins to happen at around 80 msec? You correctly answered: c. unfused tetanus develops How does the trace at 130 stimuli/sec compare with the trace at 50 stimuli/sec? You correctly answered: b. Fused tetanus develops at this greater stimulus frequency. How do the traces with 146–150 stimuli per second compare with the trace at 130 stimuli per second? You correctly answered: d. Maximal tetanic tension develops with these very high stimulation frequencies. Experiment Data: Voltage 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Length 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 Stimuli/sec 50 130 140 142 144 146 148 150 Active Force 5.12 5.88 5.91 5.94 5.94 5.95 5.95 5.95 Passive Force 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total Force 5.12 5.88 5.91 5.94 5.94 5.95 5.95 5.95…
Participants in this study were 7 from biological psychology lab section 2. Participants were between the ages of 19-23years old and there was not requirement to participate in this study except to be enrolled on biological psychology lab. All participants (within subject) served in all level of the independent variable which was neutral and positive stimuli/pictures. While participant look at either the positive or the neutral stimuli with their right feet submerged in the bucket of ice water, we measured time to pain, time it took for participant to take their feet out of the water. Also while doing this, we measured basal heart rate and measured heart rate every 30seconds while participant had their feet in the bucket…
In this activity you will use an EKG sensor and a measuring device called an accelerometer to compare the speed of voluntary versus reflex muscle action. Just as it can measure the electrical activity of your heart, the EKG sensor will measure the electrical activity in a moving muscle. When we record the electrical activity in muscles, we call this reading an electromyogram or EMG. You will make a rough calculation of nerve impulse speed using data generated by an accelerometer and the EKG sensor. As you analyze data for response times, you will also investigate what has to occur in the nervous system during a reflex and a voluntary action.…
____________________ is a procedure used to evaluate the electrical activity of certain muscles and is helpful in the diagnosis…
O B J E C T I V E S 1. To define these terms used in describing muscle physiology: multiple motor unit summation, maximal stimulus, treppe, wave summation, and tetanus. 2. To identify two ways that the mode of stimulation can affect muscle force production. 3. To plot a graph relating stimulus strength and twitch force to illustrate graded muscle response. 4. To explain how slow, smooth, sustained contraction is possible in a skeletal muscle. 5. To graphically understand the relationships between passive, active, and total forces. 6. To identify the conditions under which muscle contraction is isometric or isotonic. 7. To describe in terms of length and force the transitions between isometric and isotonic conditions during a single muscle twitch. 8. To describe the effects of resistance and starting length on the initial velocity of shortening. 9. To explain why muscle force remains constant during isotonic shortening. 10. To explain experimental results in terms of muscle structure.…
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the response time for dominant and non-dominant hand for visual stimuli, and using only dominant hand to test auditory and tactile response. Also, to test involuntary the response time for the reflex of the knee from calculating the distance. Based on my group hypothesis, we said that visual stimulus dominant hand had a faster response time than non-dominant hand because the dominant hand is use more often thus repetition creates stronger connection. For only dominant we said that auditory response has the fastest reaction time because the auditory stimuli gets process faster compare to tactile and visual that has to travel longer to reach frontal lobe for response decision. For involuntary response,…
10/23/12: CHAPTER 9: MUSCLES AND MUSCLE TISSUE 10. 10/30/12: CHAPTER 10: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM EXAM REVIEW: CHAPTERS 6-10 11. 11/6/12: EXAM II: CHAPTERS 6-10 12. 11/13/12: CHAPTER 11: FUNDAMENTALS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM AND NERVOUS TISSUE CHAPTER 12: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 13. 11/20/12: CHAPTER 13: THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND REFLEX ACTIVITY 14.…
Having completed the practical activity(s), use your knowledge from the Anatomy unit and research, to describe and explain the INITIAL RESPONSES of the CV system to exercise (in this…
* by applying stimulus (sensory input from environment) to different parts of leg, and recording participants’ reaction time (amount of time taken to respond to…
Then sterilization of the site of needle insertion, a 12 cm, 20 gauge short-beveled stimulating needle attached to a nerve stimulator and attached to the surface electrode was inserted with a 90-degree angle to the skin and advanced until either plantar flexion or dorsiflexion of the foot was obtained. Initially, the stimulating current was set between 1.5 to 2 mA, and the frequency of stimulation was set at 2 Hz. The intensity of the stimulating current was gradually decreased as the needle approached the targeted nerve. The position of the needle was adjusted to maintain an adequate muscular response with a stimulating current < 0.5 mA. The goal is visible or palpable twitches of the hamstrings, calf muscles, foot, or toes at 0.2-0.5 mA current. After reaching the goal, the solution injected in the studed groups.…
There is also an electro-physiological test which shows impulses moving through the nerves to see if the impulses are moving too slow or…
An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is a test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of your heart. An EKG translates the heart's electrical activity into line tracings on paper. The spikes and dips in the line tracings are called waves.…