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E Commerce
Accounting Regulation in Corporate Governance will not necessarily lead to higher ethical standards.

In recent years, professional ethics has been placed at the top of discussion, and a lot of developments have been brought about within the corporate governance. Duska and Duska claim that accounting is an essential professional practice, and the current global economy has no existence without it (2011). These two authors also argue that ethics is now a part and parcel of corporate governance. Even our society expects more from the accounting professionals. However, a matter of concern comes to the discussion that some are more likely to prefer immoral means for their gain. Carroll and Buchholtz point out that several unscrupulous stockholders, creditors, and other parties related to the financial performance give enormous pressure to accounting professionals (2012). Consequently, business managers are in severe stress in maintaining ethical standards. Some human-resource professionals agreed that they have to compromise the code of ethical business conduct because of the oppression. And as a result, according to the opinion of Swanson and Fisher (2008), ethics and its importance in decision making have become significant. However, companies face various legal and economic punishments for unethical means, and expectations of higher ethical standards, and behaviors are increasing. Some organizations take ethical issues seriously and make corporate strategy for it. Jeffrey supports the corporate concern on ethics and adds that corporations are now considering ethical behavior as good business and not only doing the right thing (2011). And now, the growing concern is the performance of these ethical rules and regulations set by the organizations as well as the governments (McPhail, 2012). Some writers argue that, it is impossible for the regulations to maintain higher ethical standards without encouraging individual morality and virtue of the professionals. This



References: Arjoon, S. (2005). Corporate Governance: An Ethical Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 17 (9/10), pp. 1093-1102. Audi, R. (2009). Business ethics and ethical business. New York, Oxford University Press. Carroll, B., K. Buchholtz (2012). ‘Business and Society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder Management’. Business Ethics and Management. pp. 179-340. Dominguez, L. R., Alvarez, I. G., and Sanchez, I. M. G. (2009). Corporate Governance and Codes of Ethics. Vol. 90, pp. 187-202. Duska, R. F., and B. S. Duska (2011). ‘Accounting ethics’ (2nd ed.). The Nature of Accounting. MA, Blackwell. Duska, R. F., and B. S. Duska (2011). ‘Accounting ethics’ (2nd ed.). Ethical Behavior in Accounting: What is Ethics? MA, Blackwell. Duska, R. F., and, B. S. Duska (2011). ‘Accounting ethics’ (2nd ed.). Development of Explicit Accounting Standard and Regulation. MA, Blackwell. Ferrell, O. C., J. Fraedrich, and L. Ferrell (2008). Business ethics: ethical decision making and cases. Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co. Gendron, Y., R. Suddaby, and H. Lam (2006). ‘An examination of the ethical commitment of professional accountants to auditor independence’. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 64 (2). Ghaffari, F., O. Kyriacou, and R. Brennan (2008). ‘Issues in Accounting Education’. Exploring the Implementation of Ethics in U.K. Accounting Programs. Vol. 23 (2), pp. 183-198. Gill, M., and A. Abbott (2011). ‘Accountants’ Truth: Knowledge and Ethics in the Financial World’. The Accounting Review. Vol. 86 (1), pp. 359-361. Gitlow, A. L. (2007). Corruption in corporate America: who is responsible? : who will protect the public interest? Lanham, MD, University Press of America. Jamal, K., and H.T. Tan (2010). ‘Joint effects of principles-based versus rules-based standards and auditor type in constraining financial managers’ aggressive reporting’. The Accounting Review. Vol. 85(4), pp.1325-1346. Jeffrey, C. (2006). Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting. Vol. 11. Bingley, U.K, Emerald. Jeffrey, C. (2011). ‘Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting’. Principles-based Accounting: The Case for Principled Judgment. Bingley [England], Emerald Group. Vol. 15, pp. 47-74. Jeffrey, C. (2011). ‘Research on professional responsibility and ethics in accounting’. Ethical Corporate Citizenship: Does It Pay? Bingley [England], Emerald Group. Vol. 15, pp. 127-164. Liu C., J. Yao, and N. Hu (2012). ‘Issues in Accounting Education’. Improving Ethics Education in Accounting: Lessons from Medicine and Law. Vol. 27 (3), pp. 671-690. Massey, W., and J. V. Hise (2009). ‘Issues in Accounting Education’. Walking the Walk: Integrating Lessons from Multiple Perspectives in the Development of an Accounting Ethics Course. Vol. 24 (4), pp. 481-510. Matthews, C Mcphail, K. (2012). Accounting ethics. London, SAGE. Mcphail, K., D. Walters (2009). ‘Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting’. How to think ethically about accounting. pp. 1-108. Routledge, Abingdon. Mcphail, K., D. Walters, and C. James (2010). ‘Accounting and Business Ethics: An Introduction’. The Accounting Review. Vol. 85 (5), pp. 1817-1820. Mintz, S. M., and R. E. Morris (2011). Ethical obligations and decision making in accounting: text and cases. New York, NY, McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Reuters (2012). US regulators cut JP Morgan 's ability to trade power.The Economic Times. 15 November. Reuters (2012). Barclays says five staff fired over Libor rigging. The Economic Times. 28 November. Rossouw, G. J. (2009) 'The ethics of corporate governance: Global convergence or divergence? ', International Journal of Law and Management. Vol. 51 (1), pp. 43-51. Satava, D., C. Caldwell, and L. Richards (2006). ‘Ethics and the auditing culture: Rethinking the foundation of accounting and auditing’. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol.64, pp.271-284. Swanson, D. L., and D. G. Fisher (2008). Advancing business ethics education. Charlotte, NC, IAP. Singh, J., Carasco, E., Svensson, G, Word, G., and Callaghan, M. (2005). A Comparatice Study of the Contents of Corporate Codes of Ethics in Australia, Canada, and Sweden. Journal of World Business. Vol. 40, pp. 91-109. Thomas, S. (2012). ‘Issues in Accounting Education’. Ethics and Accounting Education. Vol. 27 (2), pp. 399-418. Wijesinghe, C. (2010). Accounting code of ethics. Melbourne, Vic, Television Education Network.

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