BIOS256
BIOS256Week1Lab1EXERCISE
Mechanical Digestion in the Gastrointestinal Tract Directions:
a. Click the Contents button.
b. Open the Digestive System File.
c. Click Animations.
d. Click Mechanical Digestion in the Gastrointestinal Tract.
Introduction
1. Define the gastrointestinal tract (GI). The GI tract is the stomach and intestine divided up into the upper and lower GI
2. Identify three mechanical digestion activities.
a. Chewing
b. Mixing food and saliva with tongue
c. Churning food into the stomach
3. Name two feedback loops that regulate digestive system smooth muscle responsible for propulsive and mixing movements. Alternating contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the GI tract and motility
Neural Regulation of Mechanical Digestion
4. Identify three neural systems that control the mechanical movements in the GI tract.
a. Enteric Nervous System
b. Autonomic Nervous System
c. Central Nervous System
5. Describe the role of the CNS with regard to swallowing. What is the stimulus?
Nerve signals tell the brain what is the right thing to eat such as temperature and size and then causes saliva to be produced and moistens the food and forms the bolus which is then pushed down the throat after the CNS send the signal to contract smooth muscle
6. a. What are the components of the ANS (long) neural reflexes? Vagus nerve which supplies the parasympathetic fibers to most parts of the GI.
b. What is the stimulus for ANS regulation? Neurons and stretch receptors
c. What do ANS neurons regulate with regard to mechanical digestion? What are the possible responses?
They regulate smooth muscle and the glands within the GI tract.
7. Where are enteric nervous system plexuses located? In the submucosa
Mastication
8. Define and describe the events of mastication. When food is manipulated by the tongue, ground up by the teeth and
Mechanical Digestion in the Gastrointestinal Tract Directions:
a. Click the Contents button.
b. Open the Digestive System File.
c. Click Animations.
d. Click Mechanical Digestion in the Gastrointestinal Tract.
Introduction
1. Define the gastrointestinal tract (GI). The GI tract is the stomach and intestine divided up into the upper and lower GI
2. Identify three mechanical digestion activities.
a. Chewing
b. Mixing food and saliva with tongue
c. Churning food into the stomach
3. Name two feedback loops that regulate digestive system smooth muscle responsible for propulsive and mixing movements. Alternating contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the GI tract and motility
Neural Regulation of Mechanical Digestion
4. Identify three neural systems that control the mechanical movements in the GI tract.
a. Enteric Nervous System
b. Autonomic Nervous System
c. Central Nervous System
5. Describe the role of the CNS with regard to swallowing. What is the stimulus?
Nerve signals tell the brain what is the right thing to eat such as temperature and size and then causes saliva to be produced and moistens the food and forms the bolus which is then pushed down the throat after the CNS send the signal to contract smooth muscle
6. a. What are the components of the ANS (long) neural reflexes? Vagus nerve which supplies the parasympathetic fibers to most parts of the GI.
b. What is the stimulus for ANS regulation? Neurons and stretch receptors
c. What do ANS neurons regulate with regard to mechanical digestion? What are the possible responses?
They regulate smooth muscle and the glands within the GI tract.
7. Where are enteric nervous system plexuses located? In the submucosa
Mastication
8. Define and describe the events of mastication. When food is manipulated by the tongue, ground up by the teeth and