Bio 202 Exam 1: Summary

The cardiovascular system consists of : heart (심장), and vessels (혈관), arteries (동맥), capillaries (모세혈관) and veins (정맥). A functional cardiovascular system is vital (필수적인) for supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing wastes from them. Paths of Circulation: Pulmonary(폐의) Circuit : carrying blood to the lungs and back 1. The pulmonary circuit is made up of vessels that convey blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries to the lungs, alveolar capillaries, and pulmonary veins leading from the lungs to the left atrium. 2. Carries the deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs, and there by it brings the oxygen containing blood from lungs to the heart. Systemic Circuit : carrying blood from the heart to the rest of body 1. The systemic circuit includes the aorta (대동맥) and its branches leading to all body tissues as well as the system of veins returning blood to the right atrium. 2. Carries the oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, and also brings back the deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart. Structure of the Heart A. Size and Location of the Heart 1. The heart lies in the mediastinum under the sternum; its apex extends to the fifth intercostal space. 2. Approximately the size of the fist (주먹) 3. Location - Superior surface of diaphragm - Left of the midline - Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the sternum Coverings of the Heart 1. The pericardium(심장막) which encloses the heart. - Protects and anchors the heart - Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood - Allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment 2. It is made of two layers: I. The outer, tough connective tissue fibrous pericardium II. visceral pericardium (epicardium; 외심막) that surrounds the heart. 3. At the base of the heart, the visceral pericardium folds back to become the parietal pericardium that lines the fibrous pericardium. 4. Between the parietal and visceral pericardia is a potential space (pericardial cavity) filled