Ap Psych First Semester Review
Athena Hung
AP Psych Semester 1 Review
1/14/2014
I. Social Psychology
Major Studies & Key People
Asch Study
Conformity
Lie about length of line, see if victim agrees
Milgram
Obedience
See if victim keeps agreeing to shock person in pain
Zimbardo Prison Study
Role playing
The more one acts, the more real it becomes
Group Processes
Helping Behavior
Altruism: unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Kitty Genovese: “Thirty-Eight Who Saw Murder Didn’t Call the Police”
Bystander effect: people are less likely to help if other bystanders are there
Diffusion of Responsibility: weakening of each group member's obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all group members
Groupthink
When the desire for harmony overrides realistic alternative
Group polarization
Enhancement of group’s previous tendencies
When group discuss idea that most people favor/oppose
Deindividuation
Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations
Social Influence
Persuasion techniques
Central
Factual info, logical arguments, thoughtful analysis
Peripheral
Focus on emotional appeals and incidental cues
Foot in the door
Small request followed by larger request from earlier commitment
Mere Exposure Effect
Familiarity breeds kindness
Social Norms
Rules for accepted and expected behavior
Social Cognition
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Tendency to behave according to expectations of others
Self-serving bias
Most people see themselves better than average
Cognitive Dissonance
Mental tension when attitudes/actions don’t match up
Fundamental Attribution Error
Observers underestimate situation and overestimate disposition
Ethnocentrism
Belief that one’s cultural/ethnic group is superior
Tendency to judge all cultures based on your own
II. Intro and Scientific Inquiry
Key People
Calkins
Memory researcher
1st female president of APA
Washburn
Animal behavior researcher
PhD in Psych
Freud
Psychoanalytic theory of
AP Psych Semester 1 Review
1/14/2014
I. Social Psychology
Major Studies & Key People
Asch Study
Conformity
Lie about length of line, see if victim agrees
Milgram
Obedience
See if victim keeps agreeing to shock person in pain
Zimbardo Prison Study
Role playing
The more one acts, the more real it becomes
Group Processes
Helping Behavior
Altruism: unselfish regard for the welfare of others
Kitty Genovese: “Thirty-Eight Who Saw Murder Didn’t Call the Police”
Bystander effect: people are less likely to help if other bystanders are there
Diffusion of Responsibility: weakening of each group member's obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all group members
Groupthink
When the desire for harmony overrides realistic alternative
Group polarization
Enhancement of group’s previous tendencies
When group discuss idea that most people favor/oppose
Deindividuation
Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations
Social Influence
Persuasion techniques
Central
Factual info, logical arguments, thoughtful analysis
Peripheral
Focus on emotional appeals and incidental cues
Foot in the door
Small request followed by larger request from earlier commitment
Mere Exposure Effect
Familiarity breeds kindness
Social Norms
Rules for accepted and expected behavior
Social Cognition
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Tendency to behave according to expectations of others
Self-serving bias
Most people see themselves better than average
Cognitive Dissonance
Mental tension when attitudes/actions don’t match up
Fundamental Attribution Error
Observers underestimate situation and overestimate disposition
Ethnocentrism
Belief that one’s cultural/ethnic group is superior
Tendency to judge all cultures based on your own
II. Intro and Scientific Inquiry
Key People
Calkins
Memory researcher
1st female president of APA
Washburn
Animal behavior researcher
PhD in Psych
Freud
Psychoanalytic theory of