Animal Diversity Study Guide
Animals * Animals * Multicellular * Heterotrophic * Eukaryotic * Develop from embryonic layers
* Nutritional mode * Eat/ingest other living things or non living things * Ingest food and use enzymes in the body to digest it
* Cell Structure and Specialization * Eukaryotic and multicellular * Lack cell walls but held together by collagen * Muscle and nerve cells (only in animals) * Helps to move and conduct nerve impulses underlying the major adaptation of animals
* Reproduction and Development * Sexually and asexually * Diploid is dominant stage * Flagellated sperm nonmotile egg * 2n zygote undergoes cleavage * Cell divisions without growth between cycles * Stages: * blastula- cleavage leads to formation of hollow ball * Gastrulation – layers of embryonic tissue develop into adult body parts * Larva- only some animals, sexually immature and have different features, habitat and food source that adult and undergo metamorphosis to become adult
* History of animals * 99% of animals are extinct * Neoproterozoic era: * many sponges or related to cnidarians * Paleozoic Era: * about half of all extant animals first arthropods, chlorates, and echinoderms * Hard mineralized skeleton * predator prey relationships emerged * locomotion and protection * vertebrates were top predators of marine food web * arthropods adapted to land two groups still survive: amphibians and amniotes * Mesozoic * No fundamentally new groups emerged * Some animals returned to water others developed wings * Small dinosaurs * Cenozoic era * Mass extinction of terrestrial and marine global climate gradually cooled
* Body plans * Symmetry * Radial:
* Nutritional mode * Eat/ingest other living things or non living things * Ingest food and use enzymes in the body to digest it
* Cell Structure and Specialization * Eukaryotic and multicellular * Lack cell walls but held together by collagen * Muscle and nerve cells (only in animals) * Helps to move and conduct nerve impulses underlying the major adaptation of animals
* Reproduction and Development * Sexually and asexually * Diploid is dominant stage * Flagellated sperm nonmotile egg * 2n zygote undergoes cleavage * Cell divisions without growth between cycles * Stages: * blastula- cleavage leads to formation of hollow ball * Gastrulation – layers of embryonic tissue develop into adult body parts * Larva- only some animals, sexually immature and have different features, habitat and food source that adult and undergo metamorphosis to become adult
* History of animals * 99% of animals are extinct * Neoproterozoic era: * many sponges or related to cnidarians * Paleozoic Era: * about half of all extant animals first arthropods, chlorates, and echinoderms * Hard mineralized skeleton * predator prey relationships emerged * locomotion and protection * vertebrates were top predators of marine food web * arthropods adapted to land two groups still survive: amphibians and amniotes * Mesozoic * No fundamentally new groups emerged * Some animals returned to water others developed wings * Small dinosaurs * Cenozoic era * Mass extinction of terrestrial and marine global climate gradually cooled
* Body plans * Symmetry * Radial: