Anatomy and Physiology I Final Exam Guide
Anatomy & Physiology I Course Review for Final Review:
1. The Levels of Organization:
Chemical Level: atoms (elements) >>>> molecules (two or more chemicals together)
Cellular Lever: individualized (specialized cells)
Tissue Level: tissues (groups of cells and materials surrounding them)
Organs Level: different tissues that join together as a structure for a specific function
System Level: related organs with a common/synergistic function
Organism Level: a living organism
2. Definitions of the words:
“Anatomy”: the structure or study of the structure of the body and the relation of its parts to each other.
“Physiology”: science that deals with the functions of an organism or its parts.
“Psychology”: the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.
“Histology”: microscopic study of the structures of tissues.
3. Organ Systems of the Body… (there are 11 of them!!!):
Integumentary System:
1. Function: protects internal structure of body, regulates body temp, eliminates excretory waste, detects sensations (temp, touch, pain…)
2. Location: the superior surface of the body
3. Organs: hair, skin, associated glands
Skeletal System:
1. Function: supports and protects the body, surface for muscle attachment, body movement, certain cells make Red Blood Cells, stores minerals and lipids (fats)
2. Location: medial/inner structure of the bodyy
3. Organs: bones, joints, and associated cartilages
Muscular System:
1. Function: body movement, stabilizing body position/posture, generates heat
2. Location: on top of/attached to bones (skeletal) AND in certain organs (smooth)
3. Organs: skeletal muscles and smooth muscle, tendons and ligaments
Nervous System:
1. Function: generates Action Potentials (nerve impulses), regulates body activities, detects changes in body chemistry/internal and external environment, interprets changes, responds to AP’s by causing
1. The Levels of Organization:
Chemical Level: atoms (elements) >>>> molecules (two or more chemicals together)
Cellular Lever: individualized (specialized cells)
Tissue Level: tissues (groups of cells and materials surrounding them)
Organs Level: different tissues that join together as a structure for a specific function
System Level: related organs with a common/synergistic function
Organism Level: a living organism
2. Definitions of the words:
“Anatomy”: the structure or study of the structure of the body and the relation of its parts to each other.
“Physiology”: science that deals with the functions of an organism or its parts.
“Psychology”: the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.
“Histology”: microscopic study of the structures of tissues.
3. Organ Systems of the Body… (there are 11 of them!!!):
Integumentary System:
1. Function: protects internal structure of body, regulates body temp, eliminates excretory waste, detects sensations (temp, touch, pain…)
2. Location: the superior surface of the body
3. Organs: hair, skin, associated glands
Skeletal System:
1. Function: supports and protects the body, surface for muscle attachment, body movement, certain cells make Red Blood Cells, stores minerals and lipids (fats)
2. Location: medial/inner structure of the bodyy
3. Organs: bones, joints, and associated cartilages
Muscular System:
1. Function: body movement, stabilizing body position/posture, generates heat
2. Location: on top of/attached to bones (skeletal) AND in certain organs (smooth)
3. Organs: skeletal muscles and smooth muscle, tendons and ligaments
Nervous System:
1. Function: generates Action Potentials (nerve impulses), regulates body activities, detects changes in body chemistry/internal and external environment, interprets changes, responds to AP’s by causing