adjacency pairs
Another notion which helps speakers to manage longer stretches of spoken interaction is speech acts, a sequence of utterances “recognisable as a stock routine” in a given context or setting, where the pattern of exchanges is reasonably predictable (Arndt, et. al. 2000:70).
Adjacency Pairs
Adjacency pairs
Schegloff and Sacks (1973) define adjacency pairs according to the characteristics of being adjacent; produced by different speakers; ordered as a first part and a second part; typed, so that a particular first part requires a particular second (or range of second parts). Typical adjacency pairs include greeting-greeting (1), question-answer (2), offer-acceptance/rejection (3) patterns (Levinson, 1983: 303):. having produced a first part of some pair, the current speaker is expected to stop speaking, and the next speaker must produce at that point a second part to the same pair (Yule, 1996: 77). If an initial request or greeting does not receive a second part or if there is a delay in the second part, it would be meaningful. Silence may indicate disagreement while delay can be a symbol of hesitation, both showing a lack of connection between people in conversation.
Levinson has already recognized the importance of conditional relevance and pointed out that the two parts of adjacency pairs are bound together by “the setting up of specific expectations which have to be attended to” (Levinson, 1983: 306) instead of simply the rule of one question necessarily receiving an answer, which broadens the concept of the adjacency pair model.
There will be a structurally expected next act called the preferred response and a structurally unexpected act referred to as the unexpected (Yule, 1996: 79). Acceptance or agreement is a preferred second part to a request or an invitation because that is what we expect the other person to respond, while request rejections, refusals and disagreements are usually marked as dispreferreds that contain more complex components and allow
Adjacency Pairs
Adjacency pairs
Schegloff and Sacks (1973) define adjacency pairs according to the characteristics of being adjacent; produced by different speakers; ordered as a first part and a second part; typed, so that a particular first part requires a particular second (or range of second parts). Typical adjacency pairs include greeting-greeting (1), question-answer (2), offer-acceptance/rejection (3) patterns (Levinson, 1983: 303):. having produced a first part of some pair, the current speaker is expected to stop speaking, and the next speaker must produce at that point a second part to the same pair (Yule, 1996: 77). If an initial request or greeting does not receive a second part or if there is a delay in the second part, it would be meaningful. Silence may indicate disagreement while delay can be a symbol of hesitation, both showing a lack of connection between people in conversation.
Levinson has already recognized the importance of conditional relevance and pointed out that the two parts of adjacency pairs are bound together by “the setting up of specific expectations which have to be attended to” (Levinson, 1983: 306) instead of simply the rule of one question necessarily receiving an answer, which broadens the concept of the adjacency pair model.
There will be a structurally expected next act called the preferred response and a structurally unexpected act referred to as the unexpected (Yule, 1996: 79). Acceptance or agreement is a preferred second part to a request or an invitation because that is what we expect the other person to respond, while request rejections, refusals and disagreements are usually marked as dispreferreds that contain more complex components and allow