Preview

A Look Into Artificial Intelligence and Beyond

Best Essays
Open Document
Open Document
2208 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
A Look Into Artificial Intelligence and Beyond
Using the book “Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea”, by John Haugeland, I have learned the meaning of artificial intelligence truly and how it integrates in the real world. In this paper I will be discussing important sections of my chosen reading, followed by a more detailed explanation on the history of artificial intelligence, and concluding with a more practical use of artificial intelligence by means of cryptography.
Firstly, this paper examines artificial intelligence and its links with the development of the human mind. The idea of Artificial Intelligence has been explored since the mid-1600s, a long time before thoughts of computers and programming. Next, this paper will discuss the connection between the human mind and cryptography, which delves into how the programming of modern machines is used to manipulate objects based on a set of rules. Finally, this paper will present the idea of using cryptography to acquire bitcoins.

History of the Human Mind and the Origin of Artificial Intelligence
Haugeland stated that we are all computers in one way or another, based on the fact that thinking and computing are very similar. Both thinking and computing involve receiving an input, manipulating the data, and providing an output. The first chapter of the book refers to medieval times, when religion dictated the propagation of acceptable knowledge of the world. Change of world knowledge came about with scientists like Copernicus, who disproved religious beliefs such as that the Earth was the center of the Universe. Using math and science, Copernicus confirmed that the Earth revolved around the Sun. Copernicus discoveries led to other scientists obtaining a new mentality that discredited some early religious beliefs. During this time, math and science emerged as a new way of thinking and solving problems. The transformation in thought and understanding is what Haugeland believed "invented” the modern mind and its potential.
It was also the time for


References: Bigalke, Ron J., Jr. "Cryptography." The Encyclopedia of Political Science. Ed. George Thomas Kurian. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2011. 364. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 27 Mar. 2013. Galilei, Galileo. Il Saggiatore. Rome: Galilei, 1623. Print. Haugeland, John. Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 1985. Print. A. Bhushan Kapoor, Pramod Pandya, Joseph S. Sherif, (2011) "Cryptography: A security pillar of privacy, integrity and authenticity of data communication", Kybernetes, Vol. 40 Iss: 9/10, pp.1422 – 1439
Continue Reading
View Writing Issues

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Joseph Campbell's Myths To Live By
    • 590 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Joseph Campbell's Myths To Live By

    He then compares the very different beliefs of the shape of the earth in the Middle Ages with the ancient Greek ideas. Although the ancient Greeks were more accurate in their thinking, he later brings up the unfortunate fact that the Greek’s ideas were ignored and left out of the bible. This put scientific advancement more than a thousand years behind what it could have been. He continues…

    • 590 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    The Chinese Room Argument Analysis
    • 2388 Words
    • 10 Pages

    The Chinese Room Argument Analysis

    As a novice programmer and a participant in Lego robotics I find the controversy surrounding artificial intelligence very intriguing. Programmers, computer scientists, and researchers alike have debated about the possibility of artificial intelligence becoming more intelligent than humans. Because I do have some knowledge of how computers work I can see why this topic is sparking so much interest. The thought of something that we created having the potential to surpass us is riveting. It’s impossible to fathom the idea that humans may lose their spot as the alphas of the world. In this paper I will break down the arguments surrounding this topic by putting them into simpler terms and prove why one side may be superior to the other.…

    • 2388 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Changes In The 1300s Of The Scientific Revolution
    • 678 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Changes In The 1300s Of The Scientific Revolution

    New ideas were developed, processes changed, and the culture in Europe started moving away from superstition and into the scientific processes. We typically think of the scientific revolution as a change in natural science and technology but it was really a series of changes in human knowledge within Europe itself. In various fields of scientific study they sought rational explanations to these beliefs with astronomy, anatomy, and physics. In the field of astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus rejected the view of pagan Greeks that the planets rotated around the earth and said that they actually rotated around the sun. Galileo, seeking to understand the verse, "God is light", determined that our sun is only one of many in the known universe. Later Isaac Newton developed the idea that the universe is mechanical and there are laws that cause the world to operate predictably. Many of his theories gave the world of science a better understanding of mathematics and physics. Along with the many new discoveries, observation changed the methods of experimentation. The scientific method was developed and allowed people to test ideas and perform experiments in controlled conditions to help them understand the natural world. This brought on new inventions such as the telescope, microscope, and thermometer, which helped to further expand knowledge and experimentation.…

    • 678 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Copernican Heliocentrism Impact to Modern Science
    • 1010 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Copernican Heliocentrism Impact to Modern Science

    Introduction: Early science and astronomers believed the earth to be the center of the universe; this was known as the Geocentric Model. Prior to the 17th Century the Catholic Church held onto and defended the Geocentric Model as the divine order of planetary alignment and man’s hierarchy in the universe. Nicolas Copernicus introduced the heliocentric model when most scientific minds believed the earth was the center of the universe. This presentation will articulate two main points: Copernicus’s heliocentric model impact to the Catholic Church and how it helped to revolutionize modern science.…

    • 1010 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    European History Essay
    • 949 Words
    • 4 Pages

    European History Essay

    The scientific revolution is a time period in history roughly from 1500 to 1700 that is known as one where advances in European mathematical, political and scientific thought occurred. A “founding father” of the scientific revolution was a polish scientist by the name of Nicholas Copernicus, whose conclusion that it was the sun, not the earth that lies at the center of the solar system, was a direct contradiction to the church, which strongly believed the vice-versa or the Geo-Centric theory. (Merriman,290) It was this initiating step that led other scientists to further question and test traditional church beliefs. An example of this is Galileo Galilee and his creation of a telescope that would confirm the geocentric theory, although for which he was decreed a heretic and put under house arrest. (Merriman 296)…

    • 949 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    18th Century Enlightenment Thinkers
    • 1936 Words
    • 8 Pages

    18th Century Enlightenment Thinkers

    Scientific discoveries of the seventeenth century changed people’s perception of the world. By discovering a universal law of nature, Newton banished mystery from the world, and show every man that the world was far more infinite than what was believed until then, and that every of its aspects could be explained through scientific arguments and universal laws . Aware of this new perspective, men of letters tried to apply the methods used in science to mankind. They developed a new way of thinking, based on human intelligence. The main aim was to make every aspect of the world intelligible to the human mind .…

    • 1936 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Scientific Revolution Summary
    • 1008 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Scientific Revolution Summary

    Prior to the scientific revolution, the Old World view on science placed heavy emphasis on religion and had geocentric beliefs, meaning that it was widely believed that the Earth was the center of the universe. Then, the scientific revolution of the 17th century established a new view of the universe, reexamined the old theories, and emphasized natural philosophy and science. In 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, a book which criticized the geocentric theory of the universe, challenged the Ptolemaic system and established a heliocentric model of the universe (the sun is the center of the universe). Then, Tycho Brahe continued the work on Copernicus’ heliocentric hypothesis. Brahe’s research was then passed down to Johannes Kepler, who created the first astronomical model of a heliocentric universe. In 1609 Kepler published The New Astronomy, which stated that the paths of planets are elliptical, not circular, and proved Copernicus’ heliocentric theories. After Kepler came Galileo Galilei. He was the first to use a telescope, which he used to discover 4 moons around Jupiter, provided concrete evidence of a heliocentric universe, popularized the Copernican (heliocentric) system, and articulated the concept of a universe subject to mathematical laws, where all of nature is mathematical and mechanical. After that, Isaas Newton established the basis for physics and psychology, published Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy in 1687, discovered the laws of motion and universal gravitation, stated that every object is affected through gravity, and explained the movement of the planets. The scientific revolution was caused by: the establishment of universities, the Renaissance, expansion, improved technology, and the Reformation. The changing science influenced philosophers to use math and the language of machinery to explain the world. They compared the world to a clock and stated that humans can control and…

    • 1008 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Discuss ‘the Chinese Room’ Argument.
    • 2455 Words
    • 10 Pages

    Discuss ‘the Chinese Room’ Argument.

    In 1980, John Searle began a widespread dispute with his paper, ‘Minds, Brains, and Programmes’ (Searle, 1980). The paper referred to a thought experiment which argued against the possibility that computers can ever have artificial intelligence (AI); in essence a condemnation that machines will ever be able to think. Searle’s argument was based on two key claims. That;…

    • 2455 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Scientific Revolution Research Paper
    • 1185 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Scientific Revolution Research Paper

    For centuries, ancient astronomers supported the geocentric theory, the belief that a motionless Earth was the center of the universe and all the other planets and sun were orbiting around it in circular paths. However, as studies of the heavens continued, this theory grew increasingly unsatisfactory and complex. The planets seemed to have varying speeds, moved closer to the Earth at times, and even changed direction to directly oppose their orbit (“The Beginning”). It was out of this confusion that the humble astronomer Nicholas Copernicus emerged with an entirely new and utterly radical idea – the heliocentric theory. Among other conclusions, Copernicus proposed that the sun, not the Earth, was the center of the universe, and that the Earth and the other planets revolved around it. This theory completely incensed the Catholic Church while alarming Copernicus’ contemporaries and as such, received little accreditation. Initially, it was not seen for what it truly was – a turning point in scientific history that was as essential and important as any other. Publishing his work, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies) in the year of his death, Copernicus died seen as a fool with no mathematical proof to support his preposterous theories (Kreis,…

    • 1185 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Artificial Intelligence, Are the Machines Taking over
    • 1766 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Artificial Intelligence, Are the Machines Taking over

    As our minds evolve, so does our imagination and the creations we come up with. Artificial intelligence may have been first imagined as an attempt at replicating our own intelligence, but the possibilities of achieving true artificial intelligence is closer than any of us have imagined. Computers, when first invented were fast at computing data, but now they communicate and calculate data much faster than most human beings, but still have difficult fulfilling certain functions such as pattern recognition. Today, research in artificial intelligence is advancing rapidly, and many people feel threatened by the possibility of a robot taking over their job, leaving human beings without work.…

    • 1766 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Turing's Argument Analysis
    • 680 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Turing's Argument Analysis

    In Turing’s paper, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” he presents the Turing test, which examines whether a machine can display intelligent behavior equal to the intelligent behavior of a human. Turing also ponders the question, “can machines think,” as he is an advocate of artificial intelligence. Turing states the nine common objections against artificial intelligence and attempts to disprove them. The most convincing objection to artificial intelligence is objection three, the mathematical objection.…

    • 680 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    How Did The Scientific Revolution Lead To The Enlightenment
    • 1228 Words
    • 5 Pages

    How Did The Scientific Revolution Lead To The Enlightenment

    With the emergence of the scientific revolution in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, modern sciences like physics, mathematics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed the view of the society and its nature. Advances in scientific thought brought about changes in the way man perceived and made sense of his surroundings, thereby fostering immense changes in traditional beliefs and thought systems, and more so in religion. From the advent of classical science through Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton, to groundbreaking thought in the evolution of man through Charles Darwin, the period of the Enlightenment marked new discoveries and perspectives (Clark, Golinski & Schaffer 14). The Enlightenment spawned a new era of pursuing reason and logic in scientific inquiry, and in the methods that transformed the sciences from philosophical musings to means of studying and understanding the world (Clark, Golinski & Schaffer 15).…

    • 1228 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    The Scientific Revolution During The Age Of Enlightenment
    • 1572 Words
    • 7 Pages

    The Scientific Revolution During The Age Of Enlightenment

    During the 16th to 18th centuries, new sub-sciences such as astronomy, optics, physics, and chemistry were created with a definite advancement in the mathematics and philosophy. The revolution was mainly caused by the necessity for more knowledge and learning. The rediscovery of ancient yet highly developed mathematics from the Babylonians, Greeks, and Egyptians during the Renaissance only added fuel to the spark of interest. The final cause of the revolution was the Age of Exploration which required inventors and physicist to create clocks and watches for sailors to navigate the oceans more efficiently and accurately. As a whole, these events created something bigger, The Scientific Revolution, and its start is credited with one man, Nicolaus Copernicus. He claimed that the Earth was not the center of the universe as believed by the Church and thus the whole world. However, his heliocentric theory published in his book, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (or On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres) could not be proven while he was still alive, as the world lacked telescopes. Only later would Johannes Kepler confirm Copernicus’s idea with mathematical proof. Copernicus would not just start the path for a revolution, but he would also lead the way for a numerous amount of physicists and…

    • 1572 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Broader Impact of digital signal processing
    • 1430 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Broader Impact of digital signal processing

    Early in the years of computers, the then generation had predictions. They saw computers or rather artificial intelligence turn-around how people would relate with each other and their environment. They had a believe of how machines like computers being our drivers, robots doing our chores and functions like voice interface controlling retrieval and storage of data and information. However, it never came to pass because of the difficulty in implementing and carrying out step-by-step logic operation that is provided by digital computers.…

    • 1430 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Renaissance And Astronomy Essay
    • 519 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Renaissance And Astronomy Essay

    Since the beginning of time, science has never failed to alter our beliefs. From finding out that our planet is round, to sending the first person to the moon, we continue to grow a better understanding about the world around us. Many organizations such as NASA have helped to shape our perception today. But, It was years before that scientists helped to build NASA’s views and fundamental understandings of anatomy, and astronomy. The Renaissance helped to change people's views of the earth surrounding us.…

    • 519 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More

Related Topics