Writen Report For Science Project
A Research and Experiment
On Permanent Markers
F1C-G-036
2013 Science Fair
Table Of Contents
Research
Research on Permanent Markers pg 1
Experiment
Statement of purpose pg 2
Hypothesis pg 2
Materials pg 4
Procedure pgs 4-5
Observation and Results pg 6
Conclusion pg 7
Bibliography pg 8
Research
We made research of this topic on the World Wide Web, we found out more about what a Permanent Marker is, and what makes it permanent. We found out that a permanent marker's ink must contain three ingredients in order to work: colorant, carrier and resin. The colorant is what gives the ink color. If a marker only contains the colorant, it may be dissolved by a liquid substance that is capable of dissolving other substances, the colorant would turn to dust and fall off the paper as soon as the solvent dried or evaporated. The carriers are described as solvents; they must be able to evaporate quickly once the ink is used, because they transmit the dye into paper. The resin causes the ink to stick to a surface, so it must have a "sticky" quality, forming a film over the pigment once the carrier evaporates.
We also learnt about polar and non-polar substances which are substances in which contains more/less positive/negative molecules to decide whether it is polar or nonpolar; and the “like-dissolves-like” rule, that polar substances can dissolve in polar solvents, and non-polar substances can dissolve in non-polar solvents. Permanent markers are non-polar substances, so it can be easily dissolved by non-polar solvents.
Statement of purpose We would like to know whether permanent marker ink is removable by any of the solvents we are going to use in our experiment, which are ethanol, water, acetic acid, and soap water. We would also like to know whether the pH scale of a solvent or whether they are polar or non-polar substances can affect the result of
On Permanent Markers
F1C-G-036
2013 Science Fair
Table Of Contents
Research
Research on Permanent Markers pg 1
Experiment
Statement of purpose pg 2
Hypothesis pg 2
Materials pg 4
Procedure pgs 4-5
Observation and Results pg 6
Conclusion pg 7
Bibliography pg 8
Research
We made research of this topic on the World Wide Web, we found out more about what a Permanent Marker is, and what makes it permanent. We found out that a permanent marker's ink must contain three ingredients in order to work: colorant, carrier and resin. The colorant is what gives the ink color. If a marker only contains the colorant, it may be dissolved by a liquid substance that is capable of dissolving other substances, the colorant would turn to dust and fall off the paper as soon as the solvent dried or evaporated. The carriers are described as solvents; they must be able to evaporate quickly once the ink is used, because they transmit the dye into paper. The resin causes the ink to stick to a surface, so it must have a "sticky" quality, forming a film over the pigment once the carrier evaporates.
We also learnt about polar and non-polar substances which are substances in which contains more/less positive/negative molecules to decide whether it is polar or nonpolar; and the “like-dissolves-like” rule, that polar substances can dissolve in polar solvents, and non-polar substances can dissolve in non-polar solvents. Permanent markers are non-polar substances, so it can be easily dissolved by non-polar solvents.
Statement of purpose We would like to know whether permanent marker ink is removable by any of the solvents we are going to use in our experiment, which are ethanol, water, acetic acid, and soap water. We would also like to know whether the pH scale of a solvent or whether they are polar or non-polar substances can affect the result of