World History Final

Essay (to follow)

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IDs

Globalization
1970-2000s
Development of integrated worldwide cultural and economic structures.
Led to dramatic population expansion, requiring greater agricultural and industrial output.
Family structure changes, life span increases, and more goods are available, yet inequalities deepen as decent education and good health determine social status as never before.

Negritude
Statement of the virtues of the black identity and the validation of African culture and the African past, even in the westernizing world. This idea was shaped in the 1930s by African and African American intellectuals like Senegal’s first president, Leopold Sedar Senghor.
Steeped in communal solidarities and able to embrace social justice and equality, while rejecting the naked individualism that Africans felt lay at the core of European culture.

Apartheid
Racial segregation policy of the Afrikaner-dominated South African government. Legislated in 1948 by the Afrikaner National Party, it has existed in South Africa for many years. the rights of the majority 'non-white' inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and minority rule by white people was maintained.
It ended in 1994 after Nelson Mandela was elected president.

Zionism
Political movement advocating the reestablishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
The movement was eventually successful in establishing Israel on 14 May 1948 as the homeland for the Jewish people.

Fourth World nations without a sovereign state, emphasizing the non-recognition and exclusion of ethnically- and religiously-defined peoples from the politico-economic world system Ex. the Romani people worldwide, the Basque, Sami, pre-First World War Ashkenazi Jews in the Pale of Settlement, the Assyrians, and the Kurds in the Middle East, Pashtun throughout Afghanistan and Pakistan, the indigenous peoples of the Americas and First Nations groups throughout North, Central and South America, and indigenous Africans and Asians.

Fascism
Mass political movement founded by Benito Mussolini that emphasized nationalism, militarism and the omnipotence of the state.
Fascism was founded by Italian national syndicalists in World War I who combined left-wing and right-wing political views, but it gravitated to the right in the early 1920s.
Fascist governments forbid and suppress opposition to the state.

Communism
Late 19th century is a sociopolitical movement that aims for a classless and stateless society structured upon common ownership of the means of production, free access to articles of consumption, and the end of wage labour and private property in the means of production and real estate.
Communist theory generally states that the only way to solve the problems existing within capitalism is for the working class, to overthrow the capitalist system in a wide-ranging social revolution. This revolution, in the theory of most individuals and groups espousing communist revolution, usually involves an insurrection involving arms (guns and other weaponry). Ex. Cuban Revolution (1953-1959)
Ex. Of Ideologies: Marxism, Stalinism and Maoism

Capitalism an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit. developed in the 16th century in Europe, merchant capitalism became dominant in the Western world following the demise of feudalism. gradually spread throughout Europe, and in the 19th and 20th centuries, it provided the main means of industrialization throughout much of the world. Today the capitalist system is the world's most dominant form of economic model.

Self Determination the principle in international law that nations have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no external compulsion or external interference.
During, and after, the Industrial Revolution (18th century) many groups of people recognized their shared history, geography, language, and customs. Nationalism emerged as a uniting ideology not only between competing powers, but also for groups that felt subordinated or disenfranchised inside larger states, in this situation self determination can be seen as a reaction to imperialism.

Semi-colonialism
A term used, classically by Lenin and Mao Zedong to describe states that in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were penetrated by imperial capital, trade, and political influence, but which preserved their juridical independence. Examples include Persia, China, Thailand, Afghanistan, Yemen, and Ethiopia.
Factors seen as enabling such countries to maintain their independence include the strength of indigenous states, geographical remoteness, lack of desirable resources, cultural and military resistance, and Powers competition between Great Powers.