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ME 212 LABORATORY EXPERIMENT #4
IMPACT TESTING
1. INTRODUCTION:
A metal may be very hard (and therefore very strıng and yet be unsuitable for applications in which it is subjected to sudden loads in service. Materials behave quite differently when they are loaded suddenly than when they are loaded more slowly as in tensile testing. Because of this fact, impact test is considered to be one of the basic mechanical tests (especially for ferrous metals).
The term brittle fracture is used to describe rapid propagation of cracks without any excessive plastic deformation at a stress level below the yield stress of the material. Metals that show ductile behavior usually can, under certain circumstances, behave in a brittle fashion. The stress needed to cause yield rises as the temperature falls. At very low temperatures, fracture occurs before yielding.
Impact tests are used not also to measure the energy absorbing capacity of the material subjected to sudden loading; but also to determine the transition temperature from ductile to brittle behavior.
2. THEORY:
Pendulum Impact Test:
In this test the specimen is positioned across the lowest point in the path of a striker mounted at the end of a pendulum as shown in Figure 1. The striker, having been initially lifted to a specific height h1, and then released, swings against the specimen and breaks it. The striker continues its swing to the other side of the specimen to a height h2. Clearly the difference between the two heights multiplied by the weight of the striker corresponds to the amount of energy that is absorbed in fracture.
WEIGHT
HOLDER
Figure 1. Schematic of a conventional Pendulum Impact Tester
1
Izod Impact Test:
In the Izod impact test, the test piece is a cantilever, clamped upright in an anvil, with a Vnotch at the level of the top of the clamp. The test piece is hit by a striker carried on a pendulum which is allowed to fall freely from a fixed height, to give a blow
IMPACT TESTING
1. INTRODUCTION:
A metal may be very hard (and therefore very strıng and yet be unsuitable for applications in which it is subjected to sudden loads in service. Materials behave quite differently when they are loaded suddenly than when they are loaded more slowly as in tensile testing. Because of this fact, impact test is considered to be one of the basic mechanical tests (especially for ferrous metals).
The term brittle fracture is used to describe rapid propagation of cracks without any excessive plastic deformation at a stress level below the yield stress of the material. Metals that show ductile behavior usually can, under certain circumstances, behave in a brittle fashion. The stress needed to cause yield rises as the temperature falls. At very low temperatures, fracture occurs before yielding.
Impact tests are used not also to measure the energy absorbing capacity of the material subjected to sudden loading; but also to determine the transition temperature from ductile to brittle behavior.
2. THEORY:
Pendulum Impact Test:
In this test the specimen is positioned across the lowest point in the path of a striker mounted at the end of a pendulum as shown in Figure 1. The striker, having been initially lifted to a specific height h1, and then released, swings against the specimen and breaks it. The striker continues its swing to the other side of the specimen to a height h2. Clearly the difference between the two heights multiplied by the weight of the striker corresponds to the amount of energy that is absorbed in fracture.
WEIGHT
HOLDER
Figure 1. Schematic of a conventional Pendulum Impact Tester
1
Izod Impact Test:
In the Izod impact test, the test piece is a cantilever, clamped upright in an anvil, with a Vnotch at the level of the top of the clamp. The test piece is hit by a striker carried on a pendulum which is allowed to fall freely from a fixed height, to give a blow