Working Memory
Working Memory
● Working memory enables us to keep things in mind for short periods (215 seconds) as we think, e.g. while reading, making a list etc.
● It 's related to but different to short-term-memory (STM) and long-term-memory (LTM).
● Chapter focuses on Baddley 's (1986) model of phonological working memory, vocabulary acquisition and computational modelling of working-memory.
● The concept of 'span ' means how many items from a briefly presented set can be remembered, e.g. 'word span ' is the number of words that can be recalled if reading a list of say 20 words. Digit span, operation span, reading span etc. are similar tests.
Models of working memory evolved over time:
Atkinson & Shiffrin
(1971)
Baddeley & Hitch
(1974)
Baddeley & Hitch
(1984)
Baddeley (1986)
Baddeley (1996)
Baddeley (2000)
Modal: two store;
STM as a unitary store, the controller for LTM that encodes and moves information in and out.
STM is part of working memory, not an LTM processor, working memory is a tripartite, resource sharing system (articulatory loop, visuospatial scratchpad, central executive), involved in complex cognition not just memory.
Articulatory loop concept fractionated into phonological loop
(phonological store and subvocalisation).
Adopted Norman &
Shallice (1986)
Two store
Supervisory
Attentional System
(SAS) model as a model for the central executive (so an attentional instead of resource sharing system). Abandoned storage in the executive, instead proposed it 's a purely attention control system fractionated into modules for focusing attention, dividing and switching attention and using attention for LTM access. Added the multimodal episodic buffer that links up information about a single object spread across the memory subcomponents, to address the binding problem. Proposed conscious awareness is the mechanism by which this is retrieved.
Because Critized by Jones.
Human memory as a multi-faceted system
● Memory is multifaceted:
○ STM: used to
● Working memory enables us to keep things in mind for short periods (215 seconds) as we think, e.g. while reading, making a list etc.
● It 's related to but different to short-term-memory (STM) and long-term-memory (LTM).
● Chapter focuses on Baddley 's (1986) model of phonological working memory, vocabulary acquisition and computational modelling of working-memory.
● The concept of 'span ' means how many items from a briefly presented set can be remembered, e.g. 'word span ' is the number of words that can be recalled if reading a list of say 20 words. Digit span, operation span, reading span etc. are similar tests.
Models of working memory evolved over time:
Atkinson & Shiffrin
(1971)
Baddeley & Hitch
(1974)
Baddeley & Hitch
(1984)
Baddeley (1986)
Baddeley (1996)
Baddeley (2000)
Modal: two store;
STM as a unitary store, the controller for LTM that encodes and moves information in and out.
STM is part of working memory, not an LTM processor, working memory is a tripartite, resource sharing system (articulatory loop, visuospatial scratchpad, central executive), involved in complex cognition not just memory.
Articulatory loop concept fractionated into phonological loop
(phonological store and subvocalisation).
Adopted Norman &
Shallice (1986)
Two store
Supervisory
Attentional System
(SAS) model as a model for the central executive (so an attentional instead of resource sharing system). Abandoned storage in the executive, instead proposed it 's a purely attention control system fractionated into modules for focusing attention, dividing and switching attention and using attention for LTM access. Added the multimodal episodic buffer that links up information about a single object spread across the memory subcomponents, to address the binding problem. Proposed conscious awareness is the mechanism by which this is retrieved.
Because Critized by Jones.
Human memory as a multi-faceted system
● Memory is multifaceted:
○ STM: used to