Women's Employment
Non-structural Factors
Changes in the Status of Women
The increasing employment rate of women not only comes from the economy development. “Rapid economic growth vastly increased the demand for labor. The civil rights movement, legislation promoting equal opportunity in employment, and the women’s rights movement created an atmosphere that was hospitable to more women working outside the home” (Toossi 18). All these factors contribute to the increasing participation of women to the labor force. It’s companied by many other changes in the status of women, including social, economic, and demographic.
Women remain single much longer than before, marriage is not the only choice after grow graduation. The traditional perception women should stay at home is changing gradually. They tend to get higher education and have better jobs to earn more salary. After marriage, “women also postpone childbirth to older ages and had fewer children than in previous decades. As a result of improved child care, women tended to enter the labor force even before their children started school, and they were able to maintain longer job tenure than in previous periods. Women got divorced more often; this in itself increased their labor force participation rate” (Toossi 18)
Work-life Balance
“Decisions relating to children and child care responsibilities present the single most important barrier to women’s career and developmental progression within the hotel industries of many countries. Personal and lifestyle choices made by women frequently put family before career, at least in the short–medium term” (Baum, 38). The employment rate for women with dependent children is much lower than that of men, 62.4% versus 91.4 %.
Figure 1: Employed persons by sex and full-time/part-time activity in accommodation and food service activities, EU-27, 2011 (thousands) Source: Baum, Thomas. "International Perspectives on Women and Work in Hotels, Catering and Tourism." (2013). Print.
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Changes in the Status of Women
The increasing employment rate of women not only comes from the economy development. “Rapid economic growth vastly increased the demand for labor. The civil rights movement, legislation promoting equal opportunity in employment, and the women’s rights movement created an atmosphere that was hospitable to more women working outside the home” (Toossi 18). All these factors contribute to the increasing participation of women to the labor force. It’s companied by many other changes in the status of women, including social, economic, and demographic.
Women remain single much longer than before, marriage is not the only choice after grow graduation. The traditional perception women should stay at home is changing gradually. They tend to get higher education and have better jobs to earn more salary. After marriage, “women also postpone childbirth to older ages and had fewer children than in previous decades. As a result of improved child care, women tended to enter the labor force even before their children started school, and they were able to maintain longer job tenure than in previous periods. Women got divorced more often; this in itself increased their labor force participation rate” (Toossi 18)
Work-life Balance
“Decisions relating to children and child care responsibilities present the single most important barrier to women’s career and developmental progression within the hotel industries of many countries. Personal and lifestyle choices made by women frequently put family before career, at least in the short–medium term” (Baum, 38). The employment rate for women with dependent children is much lower than that of men, 62.4% versus 91.4 %.
Figure 1: Employed persons by sex and full-time/part-time activity in accommodation and food service activities, EU-27, 2011 (thousands) Source: Baum, Thomas. "International Perspectives on Women and Work in Hotels, Catering and Tourism." (2013). Print.
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