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Research Plan Instruction

Name : Geoffrey Pasamba,Venus Mission, Mary Jhoy Mabulac, Shena Marie Macapanas
Title: Talahib (Saccharum Spontaneum) as an Effective Main Components of Biodegradable Plastics
School: Araullo High School
Project Adviser: Ms. Santiago
Research Plan
A. Problems:
1. The study will investigate if talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) can be used an effective main component of biodegradable plastic.
2. Is there is a significant difference between biodegradable plastic from talahib and commercial plastic in terms of flammability and strength
B. Hypothesis:
1. Ha1: Talahib can be an effective main component of biodegradable plastic.
2. Ho1: Talahib cannot be an effective main component of biodegradable plastic.
C. Method Procedures:
Talahib leaf sheaths will be collected from grasslands and will be sun-dried for twenty-four (24) hours. After cutting them into very small pieces, they will then be combined with different chemicals such as polyvinyl alcohol, sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution, glue, and glycerol to produce biodegradable plastics. Three samples of plastics will be made with different amounts of talahib , as shown in the table below.

Sample

Talahib
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) (mL)

Glycerol (mL)

Glue (mL)

Distilled Water
A
10
10
5
10
100
B
20
10
5
10
100
C
30
10
5
10
100

D. Bibliography: http://www.chemistrydaily.com/chemistry/plastic http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0860420 http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/Publication/mp/pdf/t/talahib.pdf Kirkwood, Ralph C., Longley, Anita J.2003.Clean Technology and the Environment.
Harper, Charles A., Petrie, Edward M.Plastics 2001.Materials and Processes: a Concise Encyclopedia.Encyclopedia Americana

Chapter 3
Methodology

Collection Preparation of Materials
Talahib leaf sheaths will be collected from grasslands and will be sun-dried for twenty-four (24) hours. After cutting them into very small pieces, they will then be combined with different chemicals such as polyvinyl alcohol, sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution, glue, and glycerol to produce biodegradable plastics.

Sun drying of talahib sheaths leaves for 24 hours. Talahib sheaths leaves were sun dried for 24 hours

Cutting of talahib sheaths into small pieces
Talahib sheaths were cut into small pieces in order to scatter and become the foundation of biodegradable plastics. It must 10 grams (g) only.

Mixing of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) to water in order to become an aqueous solution
Distilled water was used and the solution should be only 10 milliliter (ml).

Mixing of the materials and the talahib sheaths then heating of the mixture in the stove
After doing all the procedures we mix all the materials and the talahib sheaths then we heat all the mixture in the hot stove

Dyring of the Materials
Since final product was a bit wet, it was dried for about 10 minutes (min).

Chapter II Review of Related Literature

Biodegradable Plastic
Is a plastic that decomposes naturally and achieved when microorganisms in the environment metabolize and break down. Biodegradable plastics is less harmful than traditional plastics (Connecticut, 2014). Plastics uses large amount of energy, usually in fossil fuels sources which therefore add’s to the world’s production of green house gases and pollution and last it has many toxins can harm our health and our environment. Biodegradable plastics are plastics that can be broken down by microorganisms (Bacteria or Fungi) into water, carbon dioxide (CO2) and some bio-materials. It is important to note that biodegradable plastics are not necessarily made from bio-material (i.e. plants). Several biodegradable plastics are made from oil in the same way as conventional plastics.
Talahib
(Saccharum Spontaneum Linn) is a rough, erect, perennial grass, usually less tufted with stout underground rootstock, growing from 1 to 3.5 m (meter). It is the most abundant plant found in the Philippines. Roots of talahib used as a diuretic and for fever. It can produce sugar or sucrose. Roots is also use in treatment to dyspepsia, burning sensation, piles, and respiratory troubles. Stem pulp applied to painful areas of the body and causes suffering from beri-beri (Stuart, 2013). According to Bhandari, Saccharum Spontaneum Linn is planted to chech soil erosion and for the making of different grades of paper (Bhandari, 1990). It was discovered to be a potencial sources of bioethanol. Scientist believe that it may have components that can help to find the cure for cancer. Many talahib grasses are often found in every plain of the Philippines.
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) or Lye
According to Haley White, Sodium Hydroxide is a very basic compound that is mostly used in chemical industry. Lye has no odor and comes in the form of either liquid or solid. Lye has many uses. Unclogging drains is one of the most well known uses of lye, also it appears in different kind of drain cleaners and it also used in food processing. Though lye has many uses, it is also delicate because sodium hydroxide is extremely corrosive that can cause serious burn to the skin, eyes and the other parts of the body(White, 2011).
Glycerol or Glycerine
According to Peter Brown Glycerol is a chemical compound commonly called Glycerin or Glycerine. It is a colourless, odourless, viscous liquid which is widely used in pharmaceutical formulation. It obtains from fats and oil as a by-product of saponification. Used as a solvent, an anti-freeze, a plasticizer, and a sweetener and in the manufacture of dynamite, cosmetics, liquid soaps, inks, and lubricants (Brown, 2001).

Family size could potentially be a major factor in how proactively the family dynamic plays out on behalf of individual members. In larger families, due to the sheer numbers to be considered, there might be potential for a more casual attitude toward some of life’s issues.
On the other hand, being aware of their additional challenges, with more family members to consider, a larger family could also become more proactive in controlling situations, rather than waiting and responding to them after they have happened.
Smaller families, with more resources to go around, might not anticipate challenges, being better able to handle what arises at any given time, and therefore, not be as proactive up-front. Or, the smaller family, with potentially more time for attention to detail, might have a “nip it in the bud” mindset and routinely take a proactive stance.

One of your most important goals as a parent is to raise children who become independent and self-reliant people. Certainly, in early development, your children count on you. As infants, they rely on you for nourishment, cleaning, and mobility. As your children grow, they become more independent in these basic areas of living, but still depend on you for love, protection, guidance, and support. As your children reach adolescence and move toward adulthood, they become less reliant on you and gain greater independence in all aspects of their lives. This process of separation prepares your children for the demands of adulthood. But this progression toward adulthood is not inevitable and is often stymied by well-intentioned, but misguided, parents.