In 1876, King Leopold II of Belgium began plans for international benevolent committees for the people of the Congo region. Though originally accepted as multi-national, scientific, and humanitarian propositions, they have of late become anything but. Soon after their conception, Leopold used these organizations to establish a sphere of influence and eventually Belgian sovereignty in the Congo Basin. The region is rich in ivory and rubber, and Leopold made use of those resources and others in expanding trade. Now, rubber is the colony's most profitable industry. However, the Congolese people benefit little from this.…
“Genocide is a crime under international law” as reported by the United Nations December 9 1948. However, repeatedly throughout history, the international government has neglected the needs of the dying and helpless and only after the calamity reached seismic proportions did the government act against the terrorists. The Congo Genocide, the silent mass murder, is one of the most atrocious, violent acts of history and the majority of the American population is ignorant of the terrors inflicted upon the indigenous peoples by King Leopold II., who was rewarded for his crimes against humanity. Ten Million people were killed by the brutal exploitation…
King Leopold II was one man, one man who gained support for Belgium, one man who imperialized the Congo, one man who supported the brutal murders of the Congolese people, and one man who set precedents and laid the foundation for anti-semitic death camps, Communist purges, and Soviet work camps that would arise in the near future. King Leopold II of Belgium was a precursor to the malevolent leaders who created Nazi death camps, Soviet work camps, and purges. King Leopold can be viewed as a precursor because he was in the same state of mind psychologically, socially, politically, and economically, as the malevolent leaders who came after him, and it can be seen through similarities in state-building, expansion, and conflict.…
The Congolese subsequently collected harvested from vines and trees in order to collect the resource, most of which was acquired by a handful of private companies, mainly the Abir Congo Company. The government, backing these companies, imposed a rubber tax on the natives. As a result of the rubber tax in addition to the rubber demand, rubber was collected twenty loads at a time by each village. As rubber got scarcer and they had to retreat further into the forest to find more rubber, the quantity demanded loosened. Still, the Congolese got little to nothing in return for these taxes. As a testament to the harsh-plantation like conditions of this process, exposure to the elements and carnivorous leopards were there to finish them off as they picked away. Possible consequences for not do their job, arriving late with their rubber, or not meeting their quotas, included the burning of villages, mutilation of body parts, the inability to harvest crops (usually resulting starvation of the villagers), and even being directly shot and killed by troops authorized by the Belgian King. In total, roughly 6 to 10 million natives died directly or indirectly at the hands of the Belgians, and millions more lived in constant fear. This was not so much what King Leopold called his “final solution” as it was an ends to…
King Affonso I, the venerated king of Congo, is one of the most influential and groundbreaking characters in the history of Africa. Once he converted to Christianity and became king, Affonso realized the abhorrence of slavery withing his state, for it was completely destroying his country through depopulation. Consequently, he sent a letter to King John of Portugal in 1526, outlining his hopes to eradicate Portugese influence upon his country. Ultimately, King Affonso I of Congo proves to be one of the most innovative modern-day thinkers of his time, for during his captivating life, he was the forerunner in the abolition of slavery, all of which was outlined in his letter to King John of Portugal.…
In the mid 1800’s Europe was an extremely powerful force who were trying to extend their empire by taking over profitable land. As European imperialism spread the available land became minimal, except for the mostly unexplored African continent. Belgian Imperialism was driven by ambitions, nationalist pride, and most importantly discovering vast new economic resources. Most of the unclaimed territories had been taken over by other European Countries so the only other option was to head into the vastly unexplored continent of Africa. The man who would be come to be called King Leopold was the one who started that exploration that would forever change the economy of the Republic of Congo (page 10).…
Between the years 1885 and 1905 more than 10 million indigenous people of Congo were murdered. King Leopold II used the natives as slave labor to gain resources such as rubber and ivory. Edward Morel an official that monitored shipping traffic started noticing that King Leopold II ships came back with tons of cargo, but little to no cargo was being sent to the Congo for trade. Morel soon put two and two together and realized the native people were being used as slave labor. In doing so Morel soon started to organize a protest. Other than the protest that Morel started the people of Congo were silent, due to many years of off and on again use as slave laborers.…
Author Unknown. (Date Unknown) The Scramble for Africa, Congo under Leopold II and Later Developments. (Internet) Goan Overseas Digest. Available From: http://www.goacom.com/overseas-digest/Colonial%20episodes/congo-leopold.htm (Accessed 8 April 2005)…
King Leopold II developed his dream for colonization at an early age. Before he even took the throne he was on the lookout for unconquered land that could later be in his possession. The king wanted to become rich as a result of his new land through the process of trading. Once King Leopold II set his sights on the Congo, he would not give up until the land was his. He connived, manipulated and conned his way into the land. He did not care who got hurt; he just wanted his dream to be fulfilled.…
At the time it was internationally recognized as the Congo Free States. The title, however, was really a joke. King Leopold ruled the land with a combination of terror and greed. His system of exploration was aimed at increasing Belgium's profit in commercial industries such as ivory and rubber. Under such a system, the people of the Belgian Congo suffered through the most brutal colonial regime in modern history. The reports of slave labor, summary executions, mutilations, rape, and many other brutal forms of torture were circling the globe. Finally, in 1904, the Congo Reform Association was formed in England. With help from the United States, the Congo Reform Association used both written testimony and photographic evidence to encourage international intervention into the Congo on humanitarian…
Supporting Evidence #1: “However, he licensed companies that brutally exploited Africans by forcing them to collect sap from rubber plants. At least 10 million Congolese died due to the abuses inflicted during Leopold's rule.”World history: Patterns of interactions. (2009). p#774…
Belgium saw them as an easy target with big profits and imperialized. Belgium, as a western nation, also agreed to the ideas of Social Darwinism, the belief that the white European was better than the rest of the people in the world, chiefly based on their physical features. Simply put, they were racist. Most Europeans fell into this belief, but the Belgian people took this to an extreme. They enslaved the native people of Congo in their own country and forced work upon them. Quotas and taxes were created to ensure certain amounts of raw materials were gathered and harsh punishments were put into action for those who didn’t complete or meet their requirements. According to Mark Twain, “The amount of rubber needed to meet the tax requires the men to work for up 25 days each month harvesting the wild rubber vines in the Congo forest” [3]. According to this that would leave only 5 days a month for “regular” life for the Congolese people. They did not have the time or resources to educate themselves, make money, or to develop. In 1908 the Belgian government gave the natives better treatment, by taking away the direct ownership of the nation from Leopold and they made it an official colony of the Belgian government [4]. This decision came through by putting humanitarian pressure put on King Leopold. Conditions improved, schools, hospitals, and roads were built, but the cruelty and racism was still their because of the history they had of it. Also, the punishment, crimes, and cruelty was all that the people understood because they were forced to live in it their entire lives, and it was a hard to shift back. Even in today’s world, this industrialization and these policies have left a scar on the Congos. In both the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic Of Congo there is still political unrest and constant violence. On December 17, there were 22…
Government scandal is no shocking news, constant new conspiracies and power plays are all too frequently covered by the media for such a thing to be a surprise. The biggest scandal is covering up their own actions. Too much history is covered up by governments around the world. Selfishly, they hide their own shameful history to keep a good name and to stay in good graces with their subjects. In his final chapter of King Leopold’s Ghost, Adam Hochschild conveys how the transgression of the Flemish to the Congolese was erased. How is it that the people of both the Congo and Belgium have completely forgotten the horrors their predecessors endured and committed? For every secret that is uncovered, how many more are…
“A little more than a quarter of a century ago, a great genius for evil, having achieved in rapid succession a series of diplomatic master strokes, stretched out to reach the scepter which was to give him power over life and death of over 20 million human beings.” This great genius for evil, King Leopold II, was commonly known for the atrocities he committed in the Congo Free State. Leopold’s ability to gain control over the lives of the Congolese was due to the deceit and use of persuasion over head powers for a lucrative business. Specifically, in the Congo Free State, King Leopold II’s approach to governing, in an effort to gain the most profit, lead to violent atrocities and the deaths of many natives.…
There were many men and women associated with the beginning of Leopold’s reign, during Leopold’s reign and after Leopold’s reign. But, some played more effective roles than others. … Leopold’s reign raised an insurmountable amount of madness, no one in there right mind approved of his methods. Many activist stood against Leopold…