Which Permanent Marker Is the Best?
RESEARCH REPORT
Introduction: A permanent marker is a type of marker pen that is used to create permanent writing on an object. Generally the liquid is water resistant, and is capable of writing on many surfaces from paper to metal to stone. They come in a variety of tip sizes (ultra fine to wide), shapes (chisel point, bullet tip, and wide bristle), and colors (metallic, non metallic, or ultraviolet reactive). Like spray paint these markers give off volatile organic compounds. Permanent marker can be removed using a dry erase marker on certain surfaces such as a whiteboard as it contains acetone. Alcohol based markers such as Sharpies are said to be safer, with water-based markers being the safest of all. The popular permanent markers are Sharpie, Stanford king size permanent marker, Marks a lot and Redi Mark +.
Ingredients in the permanent marker ink: Permanent inks contain three main ingredients: colorant, carrier (solvent), and resin (polymer). Pigments do not fade like dyes and do not bleed through paper. Solvents for the old markers (up until the 1990 's) were nasty-smelling organic chemicals such as xylene. Nowadays, the solvent of choice is an alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol), which is more environmentally friendly and better smelling, while still evaporating quickly to prevent messy smearing, etc. Finally, there is a resin or polymer that is added as a "binder" that promotes adhesion. A permanent resin is not permanent unless it sticks like glue to most of the surfaces it is written on. The resin forms a film (once the alcohol evaporates) that allows the ink to write smoothly and uniformly on any surface (smooth or rough) while acting like glue for the pigment. Resins come in all shapes and sizes, typically, urethane acrylic resins are used (like those used in house paints).
Permanent markers on surfaces: Most permanent markers create stains that are difficult to treat. If you clean the stain immediately after it was made, you may be able to
Introduction: A permanent marker is a type of marker pen that is used to create permanent writing on an object. Generally the liquid is water resistant, and is capable of writing on many surfaces from paper to metal to stone. They come in a variety of tip sizes (ultra fine to wide), shapes (chisel point, bullet tip, and wide bristle), and colors (metallic, non metallic, or ultraviolet reactive). Like spray paint these markers give off volatile organic compounds. Permanent marker can be removed using a dry erase marker on certain surfaces such as a whiteboard as it contains acetone. Alcohol based markers such as Sharpies are said to be safer, with water-based markers being the safest of all. The popular permanent markers are Sharpie, Stanford king size permanent marker, Marks a lot and Redi Mark +.
Ingredients in the permanent marker ink: Permanent inks contain three main ingredients: colorant, carrier (solvent), and resin (polymer). Pigments do not fade like dyes and do not bleed through paper. Solvents for the old markers (up until the 1990 's) were nasty-smelling organic chemicals such as xylene. Nowadays, the solvent of choice is an alcohol (ethanol or isopropanol), which is more environmentally friendly and better smelling, while still evaporating quickly to prevent messy smearing, etc. Finally, there is a resin or polymer that is added as a "binder" that promotes adhesion. A permanent resin is not permanent unless it sticks like glue to most of the surfaces it is written on. The resin forms a film (once the alcohol evaporates) that allows the ink to write smoothly and uniformly on any surface (smooth or rough) while acting like glue for the pigment. Resins come in all shapes and sizes, typically, urethane acrylic resins are used (like those used in house paints).
Permanent markers on surfaces: Most permanent markers create stains that are difficult to treat. If you clean the stain immediately after it was made, you may be able to
Bibliography: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_marker http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080902142003AA50RP2 http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&q=popular%20permanent%20markers&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wi http://www.wikihow.com/Remove-Permanent-Marker-from-the-Skin http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2005-08/1125342426.Ch.r.html http://lilduckduck.com/8-ways-to-remove-permanent-marker-stains/253 http://www.wikihow.com/Remove-Permanent-Marker-from-a-Smooth-Surface