Which Of The Following Are Examples Of Behavioral Self-Handicap

!!!Definition and Example

Stephen is a first-generation college student who is used to excelling at things like school and sports with very little effort. Despite his usual success, Stephen has been having trouble keeping up in his chemistry class. Stephen knows that the midterm exam in his chemistry course is worth 25% of his final grade and could boost his class average. Instead of studying the weekend before his exam, Steven decides to go on a ski trip with his friends.
Stephen received a 'D' on his midterm exam, much to his dismay. He concluded that the reason he did so poorly on the exam is because he went on the ski trip and did not have time to study. Stephen's behavior is an example of self-handicapping.

So what is self-handicapping?
__Behavioral self-handicapping__ occurs when people actively engage in behaviors that will undermine their performance. Stephen's choice to go on a ski trip was an example of behavioral self-handicapping. Staying out late and getting drunk the night before a job interview is an example of behavioral self-handicapping. Another example of behavioral self-handicapping is when people decide not to put much effort into writing a term paper. Behavioral self-handicapping also includes other behaviors such as procrastinating, listening to music or using other means to distract yourself, and taking drugs.

__Self-reported handicapping__ is when people make verbal statements in order to proclaim that they have handicaps that will interfere with their performance. An employee who misses an important deadline may engage in self-reported handicapping by stating to their boss that they are 'under a lot of stress,' which is why they missed the deadline. A student may say that she had really severe anxiety about her final exam, which is why she failed it. A person might state that he does not feel well prior to a presentation, in order to provide himself with an excuse just in case the presentation does not go