Whenthegamescometotownworkingpaper
When the Games Come to Town: Host Cities and the Local Impacts of the Olympics
A report on the impacts of the Olympic Games and Paralympics on host cities
Dr Mary Smith
London East Research Institute Working Papers December 2008
1
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
1. 2 Olympics as mega event – why they’re not just about sport 1. 3 What is legacy? Analysis and how to read the trends 1. 4 London’s background 1. 5 London’s bid 1. 6 Legacy’s legacy: heritage and the use of legacy as a policy tool for London (2012) 1. 7 Bid vs. reality 1. 8 Why look at previous Olympic host cities? 1. 9 Locals and the Games 1. 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Locals 1. 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: KEY DYNAMICS AND TRENDS 1. 12 THEMES AND PRIORITY AREAS
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2. EMPLOYMENT & SKILLS
2. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2. 2 Employment and the Olympics 2. 3 Different job effects and contexts 2. 4 Employment opportunities? 2. 5 The value of Olympic work to locals 2. 6 Past host cities 2. 7 Conclusions
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3. VOLUNTEERING
3. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3. 2 Volunteering as policy tool 3. 3 Recruitment 3. 4 Motivations 3. 5 Experiences 3. 6 Commitment and incentives 3. 7 Conclusions 3.8 Suggestions
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4. VISITORS & NON LOCALS: IMAGE AND REPUTATION OF THE AREA
4. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4. 2 Tourism 4. 3 Characteristics and Associations 4. 4 Reputation of the locale 4. 5 Media: do they decide legacy? 4. 6 Publicity about Protest 4. 7 Anti harassment protocols 4. 8 Conclusions 4. 9 Suggestions
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WELLBEING: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND LOCALS AND THE GAMES 5. HEALTH, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND WELLBEING
5. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5. 2 Spectating and motivation at mega events 5. 3 Sports participation and physical activity 5. 4 Obstacles to participation 5. 5 Sports and Age: are there any trends? 5. 6 Culture and ethnicity: Does culture influence participation? 5. 7 Gender: Does gender affect sports participation? 5. 8 Role Models? 5. 9 Conclusions 5. 10 Suggestions
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6. BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND
A report on the impacts of the Olympic Games and Paralympics on host cities
Dr Mary Smith
London East Research Institute Working Papers December 2008
1
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
1. 2 Olympics as mega event – why they’re not just about sport 1. 3 What is legacy? Analysis and how to read the trends 1. 4 London’s background 1. 5 London’s bid 1. 6 Legacy’s legacy: heritage and the use of legacy as a policy tool for London (2012) 1. 7 Bid vs. reality 1. 8 Why look at previous Olympic host cities? 1. 9 Locals and the Games 1. 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Locals 1. 11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: KEY DYNAMICS AND TRENDS 1. 12 THEMES AND PRIORITY AREAS
6
2. EMPLOYMENT & SKILLS
2. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2. 2 Employment and the Olympics 2. 3 Different job effects and contexts 2. 4 Employment opportunities? 2. 5 The value of Olympic work to locals 2. 6 Past host cities 2. 7 Conclusions
21
3. VOLUNTEERING
3. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3. 2 Volunteering as policy tool 3. 3 Recruitment 3. 4 Motivations 3. 5 Experiences 3. 6 Commitment and incentives 3. 7 Conclusions 3.8 Suggestions
30
4. VISITORS & NON LOCALS: IMAGE AND REPUTATION OF THE AREA
4. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4. 2 Tourism 4. 3 Characteristics and Associations 4. 4 Reputation of the locale 4. 5 Media: do they decide legacy? 4. 6 Publicity about Protest 4. 7 Anti harassment protocols 4. 8 Conclusions 4. 9 Suggestions
36
2
WELLBEING: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND LOCALS AND THE GAMES 5. HEALTH, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND WELLBEING
5. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5. 2 Spectating and motivation at mega events 5. 3 Sports participation and physical activity 5. 4 Obstacles to participation 5. 5 Sports and Age: are there any trends? 5. 6 Culture and ethnicity: Does culture influence participation? 5. 7 Gender: Does gender affect sports participation? 5. 8 Role Models? 5. 9 Conclusions 5. 10 Suggestions
44
6. BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND