The labeling theory believes that crime is socially constructed. This theory states that there is a primary deviance, which occurs in childhood. As a result of this act of deviance, these children are labeled by the justice system. Secondary deviance occurs after this label is accepted/internalized by the child. This theory would explain O.J. Simpson’s crime as a result of society and a result of his childhood deviance. They would look at Simpson’s childhood and see that “at age 13, he joined a gang called the Persian Warriors ("O.J. Simpson Biography").” While involved in this gang he got in a fight that resulted in him having to join a Youth program. This would be considered the primary deviance. Every deviant behavior following that is a secondary deviance that is a result of him accepting the label, criminal, given to him as a child. This theory is similar to that of the self-control theory because they both see earlier childhood development as a point where deviance is rooted. They are different in the way that the labeling theory sees the start of crime as an actual act of deviance, while the self-control theory believes it started with poor parental…
The two types of theories that were mentioned in this book were social learning theory and Psychoanalytic theory. The social learning theory was developed by Albert Bandura. Social learning theory talks about that humans learn by observing other. This is also called modeling or observational learning. In simple terms, a child follows what others does and tries to do the same task. If a child sees their mother making food in some pots, and the child starts to pretend making food their toys is an example of social learning theory by child observation. Modeling occurs when the observer is inexperienced. In addition, when people see others achieving their goals and solve problems, it gives more encouragement for the observer to achieve that…
The labeling theory is basically when society labeling a group or person as a certain category so much, the deviant group or person becomes what society labels them as. The Roughnecks developed a reputation in school for only maintaining close to a “C” average. The teachers did not usually push them to reach their full potential so they did not push them. The Roughnecks also had tendencies to talk back and not trust authority figures. They disrespected them. The police and the Roughnecks had also had a bad relationship because the police had labeled them. The police labeled the Roughnecks just as the did the saints. The Roughnecks had no money for bail, disrespectful, and deviant to the way society defines a “good teenager or…
The theory where individuals attempt to bring their attitudes into alignment with their behaviors, especially around other people is the…
Describe the theory in your own words. What phenomenon of concern or problems are addressed by the theory (10 points)…
The Broken Windows theory was used in 1982 by James Q. Wilson and George Kelling basically addressing the fact that if there is disorder in a community it will lead to more disorder. For example, if a somebody drives…
The Labelling theory addresses a larger definition of crime, referring not only to illegal conduct or actions but much rather to deviant behaviour in general. Deviance is seen as a quality attributed to a certain act by those who witness it directly or indirectly and deem it immoral and wrong. Behaviours acquire the label of being deviant by social interaction and maintain it by social learning. This new approach is in contradiction with the former views of crime as inherent to the action or behaviour and in some cases excusable by the circumstances such as anomie or social strain, which assume homogenous norms and equal responses or punishments to all those guilty.…
A learning theory can be defined as being a set of concepts which attempt to describe how people learn and develop (Dunn, 2000).…
During the 1960’s and 70’s the labelling theory was seen as the main sociological theory of crime. Throughout this period Howard Becker was one of the most prominent advocates of the…
Labelling: This means to place a label on someone which will place them in a certain category. This can often have negative effects on people. If they have been labelled in a certain way many times then they can start to actually begin to behave like the given label.…
Labelling is a process that happens within education where a definition is attached to a pupil as being a certain way. This can then affect them in their education in one of two ways. It can either push them and put stress on the pupil to achieve highly just as the teacher labelled them to do so or it can affect them so that they do not achieve because of the negative label that was planted on them.…
Social Learning Theory is the process that occurs through observing the consequences of others and by determining if such behavior is worth replicating (Wallace, n.d.) Basically this theory suggests that humans learn by watching others. Social Learning Theory was developed in the 1930’s by Theorists, Edwin Sutherland, Robert Burgess, Ronald L. Akers, and Daniel Glaser. These theorists developed the learning theory by recognizing patterns of criminal behaviors and the types of values that went along with criminals, the way they lived and communicated which they called differential association (Schmalleger, 2012.) Another theorist that has helped in the development of theory is Albert Bandura. Bandura's work emphasized reciprocal determinism, which focuses on how a person’s behavior, environment, and personal qualities all reciprocally influence each other. ("Learning-Theories.com", 2012). Bandura developed a model that involved the following steps.…
++A theory that involves deviance that can help reduce crime rate is the Labeling Theory. Aaron Cicourel, in his 1976 study, illustrates the labeling theory by investigating the relationship between the Californian police officers and the people whom they were more likely to arrest. Cicourel found that the police were more likely to arrest a group of people that fit the criteria of poor education, poor social status, and minority members. The police would interact with this group of people, that were suited to this list, more harshly than middle-class offenders, who were warned and then let go. The unequal treatment of the people within the society show how the view of specific acts affects their place, however, realists argue that interactionists…
A theory is a useful tool that helps people understands the world around them. For example, in criminology, a theory helps the public understand the functioning of the criminal justice system, the occurrence of crimes and the methods or approaches people implement when committing crimes. In many instances, theory suggests the way things are, not the way they should be. For example, a theory is not naturally good or bad; however, people often use theories for good or bad purposes (William & McShane, 2010).…
theory to explain, producing testable hypothesis based on the theory and then testing those hypotheses empirically. Psychologists use the…
