What Is Construct Validity?

outcome (increased class participation). Validity is in four types and these are: Conclusion, Construct, Internal and external validity. Conclusion validity tries to find out the relationship between a program and the observed outcome. For instance, a connection between Re-entry policy and increased failure rate in schools. Construct validity looks at the extent to which a test measures what it claims or intend to measure. Internal validity refers to how well an experiment has been done and the extent to which the confounding has been avoided in a given research. Eternal validity refers to the process of generalization and also looks at whether the results obtained from a small sample can be further extended to make predictions about the whole
Simple random. In this sampling design, every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen. The drawback is that the sample may not be genuinely represented and small but important sub-sections of the population may not be included. A random selection of a sample from a larger sample population may give all the individuals in that sample population an equal chance to be chosen. In a simple random sample, members are chosen at random not more than once to prevent a bias that would negatively affect the validity of the results of the experiment. Simple random sampling is the most basic and common type of sampling method that is used in quantitative social science research and in scientific research generally. The main advantage of using simple random sample is that each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the study. This means that it gives an assurance that the sample chosen is a characteristic of the population and that the sample is selected in an unbiased way. There are a number of ways in which a simple random sample can be created. These include the lottery method, using a random number table, using a computer, and sampling with or without replacement. An example of a simple random sample would be the names of 10 pupils being chosen out of a hat to participate in inter-schools competition from JETS club which consists of the 30 pupils. In this case, the population is 30 pupils and the sample is random because each pupil has an equal chance of being chosen. Simple random is usually applicable when the population is small, homogeneous and readily available. It also provides for the greatest number of possible samples to be chosen. This is done by assigning a number to each unit in the sampling