According to Professor Heather Paxson (2006) of MIT, gender refers to the characteristics that differentiate men and women’s behaviors and it includes value judgments connected to masculinity and femininity and everything in between. However, as one learns more and more about gender, they question the necessity of gender and even its existence. In the piece X: A Fabulous Child’s Story by Lois Gould (1978 or 2006) gender is portrayed as unimportant in order to have a good life; gender doesn’t matter. It shows that people have a need to categorize everything into groups because if they don’t, the unknown lingers in their minds and they fear it. People fear the unknown and the different, therefore they fear any gender other than the binary. But…
Gayle Rubin created the sex/gender system concept in the year 1975. She created this term to offer a new way of thinking about the difference between sex and gender. She defined the sex/gender system as “the set of arrangements by which a society transforms biological sexuality into products of human activity, and which these transformed sexual needs are satisfied” (WRWC, 2015). The sex/gender system has many explanations that attempt to address how our sex plays a role in how we learn gender. A few of these theories include: cognitive-developmental theory, social learning theory, gender schema theory, social interactions and gender roles, and lastly, performativity theory. In this essay I will explain how the sex/gender system is created and reinforced from the perspectives of feminist theorists.…
Heterosexism is a term used to describe people who discriminate against gays and lesbians. Throughout history, an intimate relationship between members of the opposite sex was considered the norm, and breaking this norm would make a person deviant. From birth, children are taught certain characteristics on how boys and girls are suppose to behave. Children learn these things from their parents, the schools they attend, and society that they live in. The characteristics that they learn shapes them into what they become when they’re adults. According to Barrie Thorne, “the sociological significance of children’s play is that boys and girls are helping to socialize one another into primary adult gender roles, girls being more concerned with intimacy, emotions, and romance, and boys with independence and sexuality (pg. 180)”. As children we are taught that sex and sexuality are about becoming mommies or daddies, we then bring that knowledge into our teenage lives and eventually into adulthood. We are taught that being heterosexual is normal and homosexuality and bisexual as wrong and out of the norm. Although heterosexuality dates all the way back to the days of Adam and Eve, the term didn’t come into effect until the late nineteenth century. The purpose of this paper is to give examples of how heterosexism has become institutionalized in the American social system.…
While heterosexuality serves as a masculine tool for the perpetuation of what Cixous calls masculine economy, bisexuality is a mere reproduction of…
In today’s society, people tend to group one and an another into different categories according to their own social identity. An individual’s gender identity refers to which group where one belongs to. The attributes assigned to both males and females are different because of gender differences. In “Becoming members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender” by Aaron Devor, the author argues that factors such as beliefs and behaviors help differentiate the sexual identity of a person. In addition, Devor views sex as an instrument of determining gender. It is believed that there are only two types of sexes that exist. Which are male and female. On the other hand, “Girl”, by Jamaica Kincaid, the mother tries to forces prescribe behavior,…
The previous scenario is an over-simplified example of the norms and standards society has implemented on itself. The father is raising his son in accordance to the gender binary. The gender binary has always been an entity that I found irresistibly interesting. I was never captivated with it regarding its definition but rather its application. I wanted to know why people are so generally consumed with fitting inside the cubicle defined as the gender binary. Trying to meet the accepted requirements of what defines a woman or man seems to be an unnecessary exhaustion of will. The facet of gender binarism that is exceedingly fascinating to me is how people believe in it and proceed to build their lives on the premise of a made up list of stifling rules and regulations passed down in one of the most regressive traditions I can think of. The gender binary is an outdated ideology that places limitations on personality and expression that concerns biological and cultural characteristics completely unique to an individual.…
When we have been exposed to a specific role of gender all our lives, it is difficult to accept different scenarios. A different scenario would be when society would not be able to accept a powerful and non-emotional woman, or a very sensitive man. An example of this is children are educated of what roles a man and female play. In Disney movies, such as Aladdin, children are shown roles of women and men. A young girl is given to a man just to own more land. It shows society what role a man has over a woman. Anna Quindlen author of a short essay “Gay” and Gillianne N. Duncan author of “Why Do We Hate Our Bodies?” are examples of how the norms of society shape and make people judge others only because they are different. In “Gay,” Quindlen tells a story about her friend’s friend, about how a family would rather lie about the sexual orientation of their dead son, than tell the truth and be judged…
|Sexual Orientation |When someone see a feminine man |When someone sees masculine women |People say homosexuality is wrong |…
Sex is the biological identity of a human being, “The criteria for classification can be genitalia at birth or chromosomal typing…” (West and Zimmerman, 2015). Sex category is determined through the sex criteria although, according to west and Zimmerman, a person may classify themselves in a specific sex category even though they do not have the sex criteria for that category. Gender is the agreed upon way one person should present themselves if they identify in a specific category (masculinity and femininity). Hegemonic masculinity is dictated through the three societal standards that are put in our heads as a baby. Whether it is the cars and trucks to the guns and swords little boys get; we see masculinity being something in which is taught at a young…
Femininity and masculinity or one's gender identity refers to the degree to which persons see themselves as masculine or feminine knowing what it means to be a man or woman in society. Members decide what being male or female means whether, dominant or passive, brave or emotional, and males generally respond by defining themselves as masculine while females will generally define themselves as feminine. Because these are social definitions,…
Throughout the decades, human beings from a small age start learning the characteristics of a male and female. Whether it is from media, clothing and to the way one is brought up, society has similar views of what it means to be a man or a women. Men are envisioned to be strong, aggressive, successful, and someone who avoids feminine characteristics. Women are perceived to be submissive, delicate, passive, dependent, vulnerable, having the ability to care for children and at times worthless. These views of gender identity have been engraved in humanities minds due to the amount of exposure to television, advertisements and the way one is raised in their households.…
Gender identity literature offers many variations on the same theme when defining the term “Gender Identity”. Hird argues that "‘sex’ referred to biological differences between women and men, whereas ‘gender’ signified the practices of femininity or masculinity in social relations" (Hird, 2000, p. 348). Due to the nature of gender identity and the…
“The concept of gender is used by sociologists to describe all the socially given attributes, roles, activities and responsibilities connected to being male or female in a given society. Our gender identity determines how we are perceived and how we are expected to think and act as women and men, because of the way society is organised” (March et al, 1999)…
Gender identity and the process by which children come to learn more about themselves has been a strongly debated topic as of late, especially due to our recent election and repeals of various bills and laws that were put into effect in order better protect children identifying as art of the LGBT community. However, gender policing negatively affects children with cis-het identities as well, especially through the “sex-category sorting process” observed by Michael Messner. Gender segregation and reinforcement of traditional gender roles is common in our current society. Although society enforces arbitrary gender rules, this continuous gender policing negatively affects society, especially youth. As long as younger generations are confined by rigidly traditional upbringings, gendered language and…
These factors play into students school settings. Students can feel out of place or awkward in situations where they do not fit the identified gender norms. Often this is seen when students identify as homosexual. Gender roles are often misconstrued when it comes to students who identify as gay or lesbian. Society has deemed that there must always be a female and male counterpart in any relationship, including homosexual relationships. Two men or two women will be asked which person fulfills which rule. However, this is preposterous question since it is possible for both individuals to fulfill both male and feminine…