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History Reading & Thinking Note Sheet (2011 AD) Name/Period: Caroline Johnson / 6th

Chapter/Reading (Pages): 18th /388- 403

Chronology (Time Period): 1450- 1750: Early modern period

Most Important Ideas (Minimum of 5 - (Big Picture, themes, changes, continuities, etc):

1. Serfdom of Russia: Serfs were not given many rights, but were used for labor on the large lands the powerful leaders and people of the time had 2. . Catherine the Great: German born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after the assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule
3. Ivan IV: Ivan the terrible; confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking authority of boyars (aristocrats); continued policy of Russian expansion
4. Expansion: Russia was stretching western and forming a borderland between eastern and western Europe
5. Trade dependence: Russia traded furs which led to the population growth

Key People (Minimum of 3 - Who are they? Why are they important?):

1. Peter 1: Autocrat; Peter the Great; son of Alexis Romanov; ruled 1689 to 1725; included more definite interest in changing selected aspects of economy and the culture through imitation of western European models

2. Catherine the Great: German born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after the assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule

3. Ivan III: Prince of Duchy of Moscow; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols after 1462; took title of tsar or Caesar

Key Technology: (Cite at least 3 examples of technology referred to in the reading)

1. Onion shaped domes created in Russia

2. Improved army’s weaponry

3. Built up mining industries

Cultural Impact: (Minimum 3 examples - Religion, Arts, Traditions, Philosophy):

1. Systemized law code: revised tax system; used to bring talented nonnobles into the system 2. Serfs: used for labor of the large lands acquired by many of the time

3. Agricultural traditions: the methods used were traditional and used for a long time; thoughts of advancements in the methods were shot down

Social History (Minimum 3 examples - Gender, hierarchical, racial, international, and/or ethnic relationships in the reading):

1. 1.System of serfdom: used to do the jobs and maintain the land of the large lands owned at the time 2. 3. 2.Serfs taxed and policed by landlords 4. Peasants tortured to work harder

Key Terms (Places, documents, battles, vocabulary, important cities, etc.):

Ivan III: Prince of Duchy of Moscow; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols after 1462; took title of tsar or Caesar
Ivan IV: Ivan the terrible; confirmed power of tsarist autocracy by attacking authority of boyars (aristocrats); continued policy of Russian expansion
Cossacks: peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements
Time of troubles: followed death of Russian tsar Ivan IV without her heir early in the 17th century; boyars attempted to use vacuum of power to reestablish their authority
Romanov Dynasty: dynasty elected in 1613 at the end Time of Troubles; ruled Russia until 1917
Alexis Romanov: Second Romanov tsar; abolished assemblies of nobles; gained new powers over Russian Orthodox church
Old Believers: Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov
Peter I: Peter the Great; son of Alexis Romanov; ruled 1689 to 1725; included more definite interest in changing selected aspects of economy and the culture through imitation of western European models
Catherine the Great: German born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after the assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule
Pugachev rebellion: 1770’s; led by Cossack Emelian Pugachev; eventually crushed; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th century
Partition of Poland: Division of polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state; part of expansion of Russian influence in eastern Europe

Relations with Other Societies (Minimum 2 examples - Trade, war, treaties, alliances, etc.):

1. Eastern Europe: Russia formed a borderland between Eastern and Western Europe

2. Poland: was linked to the west through thee shared Roman Catholicism; ellipse of Poland highlighted Russian emergence on the European and Eurasian stage

Anticipate possible essay questions (Write THREE possibilities here):

1. How did Russia change from time of Kiev through the rule of Catherine the Great?

2. How did the rule of Russia change after Ivan IV’s death?

3. How was the rule different during the rules of Ivan III and Ivan IV’s rules?

Making Connections (Minimum 2 examples - Relate the reading to other areas of the world, are they connected, what connects them?):

1. Serfs: used earlier by Japanese for labor, also used in Russia for the same reason. Given little power and rights

2. Ruler and grandson rulers: similar to the Genghis Khan and how he passed on his power to his grandsons

“What if” Question? (Explain how an event covered in this reading might have occurred differently if one major component was different?):

Question: What if the use of serfs was not around?

Answer: The economy would have plummeted the lands and main crops would not have been farmed, leaving Russia behind economically

Thesis Paragraph of the Week: (Check with Mr. Smith for this week’s question!)
-If CCOT: Thesis, Continuity & WHY, Change & WHY, another Change OR Continuity & WHY.
-IF COMPARATIVE: Similarity & WHY, Difference & WHY, another Similarity OR Difference & WHY.
How did Russia change from the time of Kiev through the rule of Catherine the Great?
When comparing Russia from the time of Kiev to the rule of Catherine the Great , some things changed and some did not. What changed was that the government became centralized. This was due to Ivan III becoming tsar after the Mongols defeated the regional princes. What stayed the same was religion, because Russian remained Orthodox throughout the entire period and was unaffected by the Reformation in the west in the 16th century.

SIMILARITIES:
1. Religion (Russian orthodox)
2. Western control of trade
3. Russia was economically dependent
DIFFERENCES:
1. During the time of Kiev, Russia was ruled by tsars
2. Size of Russian empire was only in the Balkan area in the time of Kiev
3. Westernization was emphasized during Catherine the Great’s rule

DC: Russia had become westernized and grew over time especially from the time of Kiev. Russia stayed true to their religion along with other western aspects.
AN: Russia expanded between the time of Kiev and Catherine the Great’s rule, and grew western with trade.