WHAP Chapter 14 Study Guide

Bentley Chapter 14 Study Guide: The Resurgence of Empire in East Asia
Eyewitness: Xuangzang: A Young Monk Hits the Road (p. 281-282)
1. Who was Xuangzang, what was the purpose of his travels, and what was the impact of his travels?

The Restoration of Centralized Imperial Rule in China
The Sui Dynasty: Establishment of the Dynasty (p. 282)
2. How were the Sui rulers similar to the Qin dynasty? Give examples of what Sui rulers did.

The Sui Dynasty: The Grand Canal (p. 282-283)
3. What was the purpose of building the Grand Canal?

4. What were the two cities the Grand Canal connected?

5. What was the impact of the Grand Canal on China?

6. How did the Construction of the Grand Canal contribute to the fall of the Sui Dynasty?

The Tang Dynasty: Tang Taizong (p. 283-284)
7. What three policies helped to explain the success of the early Tang Dynasty?

The Tang Dynasty: Transportation and Communications (p. 284)
8. Besides the Grand Canal, how else did Tang officials maintain extensive communications networks?

The Tang Dynasty: The Equal-Field System (p. 284)
9. What was the purpose of the equal-field system, and how did it weaken?

The Tang Dynasty: Bureaucracy of Merit (p. 284-285)
10. Describe the merit based bureaucracy under the Tang dynasty and its impact on China.

The Tang Dynasty: Military Expansion (p. 285)
11. What territories did the Tang dynasty extend its influence?

The Tang Dynasty: Tang Foreign Relations (p. 285)
12. Describe Tang China’s political theory.

The Tang Dynasty: Tang Decline (p. 285-286)
13. What reasons did the Tang Dynasty decline?

The Song Dynasty: Song Taizu (p. 286-287)
14. How did Song rulers vastly expand the bureaucracy based on merit?

The Song Dynasty: Song Weaknesses (p. 287)
15. Describe the two major problems that weakened the Song Dynasty.

16. Where did the Song Dynasty move their capital after the establishment of the Jin empire?

17. Who overthrows the Song dynasty in 1279?

The Economic Development of Tang and Song China
Agricultural Development: Fast-Ripening Rice (p. 288)
18. Describe the surge in agricultural production during the Tang and Song era.

Agricultural Development: New Agricultural Techniques (p. 288)
19. What were the new agricultural techniques to increase productivity?

Agricultural Development: Population Growth (p. 288-289)
20. What accounts for the population growth from 45 million to 115 million between 600 CE to 1200?
Agricultural Development: Urbanization (p. 289-290)
21. What two cities were the most populous in China?

Agricultural Development: Patriarchal Social Structures (p. 290)
22. What accounts for the increasing patriarchy in China?

Agricultural Development: Foot Binding (p. 290)
23. What impact did foot binding have on women in China?

Technological and Industrial Development (p. 290-292)
24. Read the following sections: Porcelain, Metallurgy, Gunpowder, Printing, and Naval Technology. What were the technological and industrial developments during the Tang and Song dynasties?

25. What was the impact of printing?

26. What was the impact of naval technology?

The Emergence of a Market Economy: Financial Instruments (p. 292)
27. What was “flying cash or money” and its impact?

The Emergence of a Market Economy: Paper Money (p. 292-293)
28. Describe the impact and effects of paper money.

The Emergence of a Market Economy: A cosmopolitan Society (p. 293)
29. Describe interactions in China as it become cosmopolitan.

The Emergence of a Market Economy: China and the Hemispheric Economy (p. 293)
30. Describe the exchanges, as a result from increased trade during the Tang and Song dynasties.

Cultural Change in Tang and Song China
The Establishment of Buddhism (p. 294)
31. What happened to Confucianism after the fall of the Han dynasty?

The Establishment of Buddhism: Foreign Religions in China (p. 294-295)
32. What foreign religions entered China throughout the post-classical period?

The Establishment of Buddhism: Dunhuang (p. 295)
33. How did Buddhism enter China and establish a foothold in China?

The Establishment of Buddhism: Buddhism in China (p. 295-296)
34. Why did Buddhism attract Chinese interests?

35. How did Buddhist monasteries become important elements in the local economies of Chinese communities?

36. How did Buddhism pose challenges to Chinese cultural and social traditions?

The Establishment of Buddhism: Buddhism and Daoism (p. 296)
37. Summarize how Buddhist missionaries sought to tailor their message to Chinese audiences?

The Establishment of Buddhism: Pilgrimage to India (p. 296)
38. Who was Xuanzang?

The Establishment of Buddhism: Schools of Buddhism (p. 296)
39. How did the lady emperor Wu Zhao encourage Buddhism?

The Establishment of Buddhism: Hostility to Buddhism (p. 297)
40. Why did Buddhism meet resistance from Daoists and Confucians?

The Establishment of Buddhism: Persecution (p. 297)
41. What happened beginning in the 840s and why?

Neo-Confucianism: Confucians and Buddhism (p. 297-298)
42. Describe the changes and reason for changes to Confucianism during the Song Dynasty.

Neo-Confucianism: Zhu Xi (p. 298)
43. Summarize the Neo-Confucian teachings of Zhu Xi?

Neo-Confucianism: Neo-Confucian Influence (p. 298)
44. Why was Neo-Confucianism an important cultural development?

Chinese Influence in East Asia
Korea and Vietnam: The Silla Dynasty (p. 299)
45. Describe relations between China and Korea during the Silla Dynasty.

Korea and Vietnam: Chinese Influence in Korea (p. 298-299)
46. What influences of Chinese political and cultural aspects did Korea adopt?

47. How did China and Korea differ?

Korea and Vietnam: China and Vietnam (p. 299)
48. Describe relations between China and Vietnam?

49. How did Vietnam differ from China?

Korea and Vietnam: Chinese Influence in Vietnam (p. 299)
50. What Chinese traditions found its way into Vietnam?

Early Japan: Nara Japan (p. 300)
51. How did Chinese tradition influence Japan?

52. What religion did the Japanese practice, despite the introduction of Confucianism and Buddhism?

Early Japan: Heian Japan (p. 300)
53. What accounts for the longevity of the Japanese imperial house?

54. How did cultural development of Heian Japan reflect both the influence of Chinese tradition and Japanese ways?

Early Japan: The Tale of Genji (p. 300)
55. What is significant about the Tale of Gengi.

Early Japan: Decline of Heian Japan (p. 301)
56. Describe the changes brought about by the Minamoto clan.

Medieval Japan: Political Decentralization (p. 301)
57. Describe the political atmosphere in Japan from 1185-1573.

Medieval Japan: The Samurai (p. 301-302)
58. Describe the role of the samurai in Japanese society.