Water/ buffers
WATER/BUFFER LECTURES .....SOME NOTES YOU SHOULD HAVE TAKEN IN CLASS \wxNotesInClassBe. 1301124 8 and Things you should have done, or tried... = all problems!
Gas pressure/concentration: 1 Atm = 760 mm Hg = 10 m H20 = 15 psi (psi is the industrial unit).
O2 and man: upper limit/ lower limit
Minimum: Without adaptation, man can not survive on top of Mt Everest = 8,000M = 0.3Atm = height of jet liners= 0.06 Atm O2
Man starts being affected at 0.5 ATM air = 18,000'
Maximum O2 concentration that humans can tolerate = 2 Atm. Breathing pure oxygen 10m under water -> you will pass out in about 30 min....
Equator to north pole = 10,000 km (The basis of the meter! A product of the French revolution. When was that? When real chemistry started= Lavoisier... Clue 1) Why did the war of 1812 (the war that defined Canada) happen? Clue 2) What even bigger invasion happened in 1812? 1) Napoleon! British prevented American commerce. 2) Napoleon invaded Russia (and collapsed!) . Napoleon was another product of the French revolution- like Hitler he ruled about 10 years. So? Go back from 1812 about 10 years and use 1800 as your benchmark for this era (if you really want to know: it took about 10 years to produce the dictator: the French revolution was in 1789).
Distance to moon is like 10 times around the earth = 400,000 km.
Distance to nearest planet is 100x more than to moon. We are “the third planet from the sun” and the first 5 are equally spaced.
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Coulomb’s law F = (kq1q2)/(Dr2) For NaCl: F = (k[+q1] [-q2)] /(Dr2) = negative, thus an attraction
To compare solvents, put the values in the equation:
In H2O: FH = (k[+q1] [-q2)] /(DH r2)
In methanol: FM = (k[+q1] [-q2)] /(DM r2)
Comparison: FM /FH = DH / DM = 78 / 32 ≈ 2.5 Note: Measuring is always a comparison...
Conclusion: These ions attract each other 2.5 X better in methanol Thus they separate
Gas pressure/concentration: 1 Atm = 760 mm Hg = 10 m H20 = 15 psi (psi is the industrial unit).
O2 and man: upper limit/ lower limit
Minimum: Without adaptation, man can not survive on top of Mt Everest = 8,000M = 0.3Atm = height of jet liners= 0.06 Atm O2
Man starts being affected at 0.5 ATM air = 18,000'
Maximum O2 concentration that humans can tolerate = 2 Atm. Breathing pure oxygen 10m under water -> you will pass out in about 30 min....
Equator to north pole = 10,000 km (The basis of the meter! A product of the French revolution. When was that? When real chemistry started= Lavoisier... Clue 1) Why did the war of 1812 (the war that defined Canada) happen? Clue 2) What even bigger invasion happened in 1812? 1) Napoleon! British prevented American commerce. 2) Napoleon invaded Russia (and collapsed!) . Napoleon was another product of the French revolution- like Hitler he ruled about 10 years. So? Go back from 1812 about 10 years and use 1800 as your benchmark for this era (if you really want to know: it took about 10 years to produce the dictator: the French revolution was in 1789).
Distance to moon is like 10 times around the earth = 400,000 km.
Distance to nearest planet is 100x more than to moon. We are “the third planet from the sun” and the first 5 are equally spaced.
........................................................
Coulomb’s law F = (kq1q2)/(Dr2) For NaCl: F = (k[+q1] [-q2)] /(Dr2) = negative, thus an attraction
To compare solvents, put the values in the equation:
In H2O: FH = (k[+q1] [-q2)] /(DH r2)
In methanol: FM = (k[+q1] [-q2)] /(DM r2)
Comparison: FM /FH = DH / DM = 78 / 32 ≈ 2.5 Note: Measuring is always a comparison...
Conclusion: These ions attract each other 2.5 X better in methanol Thus they separate