Waste Heat Boiler
Design of Waste Heat Boiler
1.00 Introduction:
It is a High Pressure & High Temperature exchanger to transfer heat from synthesis gas of Ammonia and generate high pressure steam from boiler feed water.
Such exchangers are being designed as per International Codes viz. ASME Section VIII, Div-2 an American code or AD Markbleter a German code. Since it is generating steam on shell side, the shell is also to be designed as per IBR (Indian Boiler Regulation) code.
In India and other foreign countries the Waste Heat Boiler of original design has failed at many places. To overcome the design deficiencies now a day Waste Heat Boilers with new improved design are being developed by few renowned suppliers. Before we present the design of old and New WHB in detail we will first understand the pressure vessel design.
2.00 Pressure Vessel Design
2.01 Basic Design References:
2.01.01 Operating Pressure
The pressure at the top of a pressure vessel at which it normally operates. It shall not exceed the design pressure and it is usually kept at a suitable level below the setting of the pressure relieving devices to prevent their frequent opening.
2.01.02 Design Pressure.
The pressure used in the design of a vessel for the purpose of determining the minimum permissible thickness or physical characteristic of the different parts of the vessel. When applicable, static head shall be added to the design pressure to determine the thickness of any specific part of the vessel.
Static loads occurring during operation due to liquids/filling materials shall also be taken into consideration.
The minimum design pressure must be 10% or 1.05 bar higher than the normal operating pressure, whichever is higher.
This is also called “maximum allowable operating pressure”.
2.01.03 Test Pressure.
The test pressure is the pressure to be applied during testing and shall be based on design pressure and design code.
2.01.04 Operating Temperature.
The operating temperature is
1.00 Introduction:
It is a High Pressure & High Temperature exchanger to transfer heat from synthesis gas of Ammonia and generate high pressure steam from boiler feed water.
Such exchangers are being designed as per International Codes viz. ASME Section VIII, Div-2 an American code or AD Markbleter a German code. Since it is generating steam on shell side, the shell is also to be designed as per IBR (Indian Boiler Regulation) code.
In India and other foreign countries the Waste Heat Boiler of original design has failed at many places. To overcome the design deficiencies now a day Waste Heat Boilers with new improved design are being developed by few renowned suppliers. Before we present the design of old and New WHB in detail we will first understand the pressure vessel design.
2.00 Pressure Vessel Design
2.01 Basic Design References:
2.01.01 Operating Pressure
The pressure at the top of a pressure vessel at which it normally operates. It shall not exceed the design pressure and it is usually kept at a suitable level below the setting of the pressure relieving devices to prevent their frequent opening.
2.01.02 Design Pressure.
The pressure used in the design of a vessel for the purpose of determining the minimum permissible thickness or physical characteristic of the different parts of the vessel. When applicable, static head shall be added to the design pressure to determine the thickness of any specific part of the vessel.
Static loads occurring during operation due to liquids/filling materials shall also be taken into consideration.
The minimum design pressure must be 10% or 1.05 bar higher than the normal operating pressure, whichever is higher.
This is also called “maximum allowable operating pressure”.
2.01.03 Test Pressure.
The test pressure is the pressure to be applied during testing and shall be based on design pressure and design code.
2.01.04 Operating Temperature.
The operating temperature is