Voters Turnout Ratio

Citizens exposed to civilian killings are less likely to show up in public
Voters’ turnout ratio is the ratio of valid votes on all registered voters in this referendum, and the results show this referendum voters’ turnout ratio is only 35.3%, which is especially low (see table 1). Analyzing whether rebel violence influences voters’ willingness to vote might explain the reason why this turnout ratio is so low.
The total rebel violence for both characteristics (civilian killings and kidnappings) show no significant relationship with voters’ turnout ratio (see figure 4).
Civilian killings on municipal level shows there is no relationship between civilian killings and voters’ turnout (see figure 5). However, the data shows a slightly negative