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VISTAS Online: Annotated Bibliography

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VISTAS Online: Annotated Bibliography
VISTAS Online
VISTAS Online is an innovative publication produced for the American
Counseling Association by Dr. Garry R. Walz and Dr. Jeanne C. Bleuer of Counseling Outfitters, LLC. Its purpose is to provide a means of capturing the ideas, information and experiences generated by the annual ACA Conference and selected ACA Division Conferences. Papers on a program or practice that has been validated through research or experience may also be submitted. This digital collection of peer-reviewed articles is authored by counselors, for counselors. VISTAS Online contains the full text of over 500 proprietary counseling articles published from
2004 to present.
VISTAS articles and ACA Digests are located in the ACA
Online Library. To access
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Sexual abuse that does not include touch and other types of sexual abuse are reported less often, which means this number of individuals who have been sexually abused in their childhood may actually be greater (Maltz, 2002). With such a high percentage of people having experienced childhood sexual abuse, it is likely that many people seeking therapy will have histories that include sexual abuse. It is imperative that counselors are aware of and familiar with the symptoms and long-term effects associated with childhood sexual abuse to help gain a deeper understanding of what is needed in counseling. This paper will define childhood sexual abuse and review the impact it can have, explore the longterm effects and symptoms associated with childhood sexual abuse, and discuss counseling implications.
Childhood Sexual Abuse
There are many forms of childhood sexual abuse. The sexual abuse can involve seduction by a beloved relative or it can be a violent act committed by a stranger. Sexual abuse can be hard to define because of the many different forms it can take on, the different levels of frequency, the variation of circumstances it can occur within, and
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The perpetrator may exploit the child by introducing them to pornography prematurely, assaulting them through the internet, or manipulating them into taking pornographic photos.
Childhood sexual abuse infringes on the basic rights of human beings. Children should be able to have sexual experiences at the appropriate developmental time and within their control and choice. The nature and dynamics of sexual abuse and sexually abusive relationships are often traumatic. When sexual abuse occurs in childhood it can hinder normal social growth and be a cause of many different psychosocial problems
(Maltz, 2002). The next section of this paper will review literature and research concerning these long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse.
The Long-Term Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Childhood sexual abuse has been correlated with higher levels of depression, guilt, shame, self-blame, eating disorders, somatic concerns, anxiety, dissociative patterns, repression, denial, sexual problems, and relationship problems.
Depression has been found to be the most common long-term symptom

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