Industrial Revolution Review Guide
Industrial Revolution Review Guide
Industrial Revolution • a major change in a country’s method of producing goods and organizing labor • a movement from: o an agricultural to an industrial society o manual labor to use of machines o Rural society to an urban society
Characteristics of Pre-Industrial Society • most people lived and worked on farms • wealthy nobles controlled the land • agricultural methods had not changed drastically for centuries • people rarely travelled • Inefficient methods were used to plant and harvest crops • communication between towns and cities was slow and infrequent • people supplemented their income by mining their land, working out of their homes • infant mortality high • life expectancy short
Domestic System (Cottage Industry) • Early industrial labor system in which people produced goods in their homes • Textiles, Coal • Workers typically completed a step of the manufacturing process in their homes and then passed their portion onto another home for the next step (Spinner, weaver, fuller, dryer)
• Benefits o Workers set own hours o Women cared for their children, completed domestic duties o Children worked along side their parents o Provided income during hard times
Industrial Revolution o Began – England o 1750-1900s o Textile Industry
Why England? 1. Enclosure Movement - Wealthy landowners ended open field system to increase efficiency and productivity o New Agricultural improvements o New inventions/discoveries ▪ Crop rotation – used turnips to enrich the soil ▪ Seed Drill (Jethro Tull) – reduced seed waste ▪ Selective Breeding (Bakewell) – used only strongest and healthiest animals for breeding
o Results
Industrial Revolution • a major change in a country’s method of producing goods and organizing labor • a movement from: o an agricultural to an industrial society o manual labor to use of machines o Rural society to an urban society
Characteristics of Pre-Industrial Society • most people lived and worked on farms • wealthy nobles controlled the land • agricultural methods had not changed drastically for centuries • people rarely travelled • Inefficient methods were used to plant and harvest crops • communication between towns and cities was slow and infrequent • people supplemented their income by mining their land, working out of their homes • infant mortality high • life expectancy short
Domestic System (Cottage Industry) • Early industrial labor system in which people produced goods in their homes • Textiles, Coal • Workers typically completed a step of the manufacturing process in their homes and then passed their portion onto another home for the next step (Spinner, weaver, fuller, dryer)
• Benefits o Workers set own hours o Women cared for their children, completed domestic duties o Children worked along side their parents o Provided income during hard times
Industrial Revolution o Began – England o 1750-1900s o Textile Industry
Why England? 1. Enclosure Movement - Wealthy landowners ended open field system to increase efficiency and productivity o New Agricultural improvements o New inventions/discoveries ▪ Crop rotation – used turnips to enrich the soil ▪ Seed Drill (Jethro Tull) – reduced seed waste ▪ Selective Breeding (Bakewell) – used only strongest and healthiest animals for breeding
o Results