Urinary Summary: Discussion Questions On Infectionation
Discussion Questions – Urine
1. The results obtained for this urine sample (U19) shows that the patient is infected with urinary tract infection. This is identified by the high amount of colonies observed on Horse Blood Agar (>108/L), mild amount of protein (30 mg/mL) and very high amount of red blood cells (Large+++) found in the urine. The bacterium identified in this specimen is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is confirmed by involving many tests and observation, such as Gram stain, oxidase test, catalase test and the observation of colony morphology on Horse Blood Agar, MacConkey agar and Tryptic Soy Agar. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, known as the third most common pathogen associated with nosocomial infections, mainly …show more content…
(a) High white blood cell count in the urine indicates that there is an infection occurring in the body. This high white blood cell results from the response of immune system trying to get rid of the invaders. In normal condition, there is less or almost no white blood cell observed in the urine.
(b) High red blood cell count in the urine indicates that there is an injury occurring at any site of the urinary tract, including kidney, bladder and urethra. Besides, high red blood cell count may associate with cancer, blood disorder, kidney stones or some kidney problems. However, high red blood cell count in the urine might also occur due to menstruation in …show more content…
E. coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections. There is a high amount of E. coli found on the perianal skin, in the gut and even the environment. E. coli will act as normal flora in these conditions, but will cause infections once it gets into the urinary tract. This E. coli has the ability to gain the genes in order to produce pili for attaching and surviving purpose inside the urinary tract (Irwin & Rippe, 2008).
4. Catheter specimens are taken as rarely as possible because this technique may put the patient at the higher risk of getting urinary tract infections. When the catheter is inserted into the bladder, many bacteria from epithelial skin may go into the urinary tract through the catheter’s lumen and wall. In addition, the insertion of catheter will disrupts the protective layer of the urinary tract. This will then assist the colonisation and growth of bacteria (Goering et al., 2013).
5. A positive antibacterial activity test indicates that the patient is currently taking antibiotic (antibiotic treatment). Antibiotic is a medication used to kill the bacteria in order to treat diseases and prevent bacterial infections. A zone of inhibition will be observed if the antibacterial activity test shows a positive result.
Discussion Questions –
1. The results obtained for this urine sample (U19) shows that the patient is infected with urinary tract infection. This is identified by the high amount of colonies observed on Horse Blood Agar (>108/L), mild amount of protein (30 mg/mL) and very high amount of red blood cells (Large+++) found in the urine. The bacterium identified in this specimen is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is confirmed by involving many tests and observation, such as Gram stain, oxidase test, catalase test and the observation of colony morphology on Horse Blood Agar, MacConkey agar and Tryptic Soy Agar. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen, known as the third most common pathogen associated with nosocomial infections, mainly …show more content…
(a) High white blood cell count in the urine indicates that there is an infection occurring in the body. This high white blood cell results from the response of immune system trying to get rid of the invaders. In normal condition, there is less or almost no white blood cell observed in the urine.
(b) High red blood cell count in the urine indicates that there is an injury occurring at any site of the urinary tract, including kidney, bladder and urethra. Besides, high red blood cell count may associate with cancer, blood disorder, kidney stones or some kidney problems. However, high red blood cell count in the urine might also occur due to menstruation in …show more content…
E. coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections. There is a high amount of E. coli found on the perianal skin, in the gut and even the environment. E. coli will act as normal flora in these conditions, but will cause infections once it gets into the urinary tract. This E. coli has the ability to gain the genes in order to produce pili for attaching and surviving purpose inside the urinary tract (Irwin & Rippe, 2008).
4. Catheter specimens are taken as rarely as possible because this technique may put the patient at the higher risk of getting urinary tract infections. When the catheter is inserted into the bladder, many bacteria from epithelial skin may go into the urinary tract through the catheter’s lumen and wall. In addition, the insertion of catheter will disrupts the protective layer of the urinary tract. This will then assist the colonisation and growth of bacteria (Goering et al., 2013).
5. A positive antibacterial activity test indicates that the patient is currently taking antibiotic (antibiotic treatment). Antibiotic is a medication used to kill the bacteria in order to treat diseases and prevent bacterial infections. A zone of inhibition will be observed if the antibacterial activity test shows a positive result.
Discussion Questions –