Urbanization
Public Disclosure Authorized
65159
Rural Out-Migration and Family Life in Cities in Mongolia
Public Disclosure Authorized
Background Paper
Anqing Shi*
East Asian and Pacific Region/CMU The World Bank
Public Disclosure Authorized
May 12, 2011
Public Disclosure Authorized
_____________________________
*Consultant. I am grateful to Andrew Mason for his guidance on this project, to Nancy Cooke and Elaine Sun for their support and encouragements, to Andrew Mason and Trang Van Nguyen for their detailed comments, and to Ralph Van Doorn, Christopher Finch, and Prem Sangraula for their helps. All remaining errors are mine. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions are entirely those of the author. They do not necessarily represent the view of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent.
1
Definition of Mongolia words: Aimag Soum Ger Dzud Tugrug UB province County Traditional round felt tent Winter Disaster Mongolia currency Ulaanbaatar
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Summary There is a growing concern among policy makers and the international development community about the rapid concentration of migrants in the capital city of UB and its social, economic, and environmental consequences (UNDP, 2003). These concerns call for a good understanding of the nature of migration in Mongolia and its impacts on the life of migrants. Using the 2007/08 Household Economic and Social Survey of Mongolia, this paper aims to: (i) document the characteristics of recent internal migration in Mongolia and (ii) assess the livelihoods of rural-to-urban migrants in comparison to those staying in rural areas as well as to local urban residents. Migrants account for as high as 31.6 percent of the adult population (15 years old or above). The majority of those who have migrated come from soum centers and aimag centers. Nearly half of the migrants have chosen the capital city of UB as their destination. The analysis in this paper suggests that rural
65159
Rural Out-Migration and Family Life in Cities in Mongolia
Public Disclosure Authorized
Background Paper
Anqing Shi*
East Asian and Pacific Region/CMU The World Bank
Public Disclosure Authorized
May 12, 2011
Public Disclosure Authorized
_____________________________
*Consultant. I am grateful to Andrew Mason for his guidance on this project, to Nancy Cooke and Elaine Sun for their support and encouragements, to Andrew Mason and Trang Van Nguyen for their detailed comments, and to Ralph Van Doorn, Christopher Finch, and Prem Sangraula for their helps. All remaining errors are mine. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions are entirely those of the author. They do not necessarily represent the view of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent.
1
Definition of Mongolia words: Aimag Soum Ger Dzud Tugrug UB province County Traditional round felt tent Winter Disaster Mongolia currency Ulaanbaatar
2
Summary There is a growing concern among policy makers and the international development community about the rapid concentration of migrants in the capital city of UB and its social, economic, and environmental consequences (UNDP, 2003). These concerns call for a good understanding of the nature of migration in Mongolia and its impacts on the life of migrants. Using the 2007/08 Household Economic and Social Survey of Mongolia, this paper aims to: (i) document the characteristics of recent internal migration in Mongolia and (ii) assess the livelihoods of rural-to-urban migrants in comparison to those staying in rural areas as well as to local urban residents. Migrants account for as high as 31.6 percent of the adult population (15 years old or above). The majority of those who have migrated come from soum centers and aimag centers. Nearly half of the migrants have chosen the capital city of UB as their destination. The analysis in this paper suggests that rural