Urban Sprawl Development, Aligarh: Characteristics, Causes, and Effects
| 2013 | | Submitted By:
Saurabh YadavU.P.-1089 |
[literature review] | Urban Sprawl development around an Emerging metropolis Aligarh |
Advance Planning Techniques (Assignment -3)
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Urban Sprawl Development around an Emerging Metropolis Aligarh
Literature Review
Characteristics, cause and effects of Urban Sprawl
Urban Sprawl impacts on Public Health and Environment
Government policies/development norms in Urban sprawl Areas
1.1 Characteristics, cause and effects of Urban Sprawl
The practice of urban planning has a long history, most probably dating from the earliest cities many thousands of years ago. However, the modern concept of urban planning only really began to evolve in Britain during the second half of the nineteenth century ‘…as a reaction against the industrialization which had created such great inequalities in living conditions by exploiting for profit whatever did not have to be paid for directly, such as housing, air, water and workers’ health’ (Relph, 1987: 49). Urban planning evolved throughout the twentieth century, leading to a great variety of urban forms which often had little regard for their impact upon the environment. In the ‘developed world’ this disregard is most evident in the rise of ‘urban sprawl’ as the primary form of urban development, Which has come under increased criticism in recent years because of its negative environmental, social and economic effects (Newman and Kenworthy, 1989; Ewing, 1997; Hillman, 1996; de Roo and Miller, 2000; Burton, 2000; Jenks et. al., 1996; Breheny, 1992;Elkin et. al., 1991).
Sprawl has been equated to natural expansion of metropolitan areas as population grows (Sinclair, 1967: Brueckner and Fansler
Saurabh YadavU.P.-1089 |
[literature review] | Urban Sprawl development around an Emerging metropolis Aligarh |
Advance Planning Techniques (Assignment -3)
[Type a quote from the document or the summary of an interesting point. You can position the text box anywhere in the document. Use the Text Box Tools tab to change the formatting of the pull quote text box.]
Urban Sprawl Development around an Emerging Metropolis Aligarh
Literature Review
Characteristics, cause and effects of Urban Sprawl
Urban Sprawl impacts on Public Health and Environment
Government policies/development norms in Urban sprawl Areas
1.1 Characteristics, cause and effects of Urban Sprawl
The practice of urban planning has a long history, most probably dating from the earliest cities many thousands of years ago. However, the modern concept of urban planning only really began to evolve in Britain during the second half of the nineteenth century ‘…as a reaction against the industrialization which had created such great inequalities in living conditions by exploiting for profit whatever did not have to be paid for directly, such as housing, air, water and workers’ health’ (Relph, 1987: 49). Urban planning evolved throughout the twentieth century, leading to a great variety of urban forms which often had little regard for their impact upon the environment. In the ‘developed world’ this disregard is most evident in the rise of ‘urban sprawl’ as the primary form of urban development, Which has come under increased criticism in recent years because of its negative environmental, social and economic effects (Newman and Kenworthy, 1989; Ewing, 1997; Hillman, 1996; de Roo and Miller, 2000; Burton, 2000; Jenks et. al., 1996; Breheny, 1992;Elkin et. al., 1991).
Sprawl has been equated to natural expansion of metropolitan areas as population grows (Sinclair, 1967: Brueckner and Fansler
References: 1. Brueckner, J.K. and D.A. Fansler (1983) “The Economics of Urban Sprawl: Theory and Evidence on the Spatial Size of Cities,” Review of Economics and Statistics 65(3), pp. 479–482. 2. Sinclair, R. (1967) “Von Thunen and Urban Sprawl,” Annuals of the Association of American Geographers 57. 3. Hekkila, E.J. and R.B. Peiser (1992) “Urban Spawl, Density, and Accessibility,” Papers in Regional Science 71(2), pp. 127-143. 4. Archer, R.W. (1973) “Land Speculation and Scattered Development: Failures in the Urban-Fringe Market,” Urban Studies 10, pp. 367–372. 5. Breslaw, J.A. (1990) “Density and Urban Sprawl: Comment,” Land Economics 66(4), pp. 464–468.