Unit 13: Physiology of Fluid Balance - P4, P5, M3, D2
P4: Explain the role of the kidney in the homeostatic control of water balance
P5: Explain dysfunction in relation to water balance and possible treatments
M3: Discuss dysfunction in relation to water balance and possible treatments
D2: Analyse the impact on the human body of dysfunctions in relation to water balance
For P4, I’m going to outline the physiological overview of the kidneys and then I am going to explain the renal system. Also I am going to explain the kidneys in more detail.
The physiological overview involves the kidneys processing blood by eliminating any excess mineral salts, urea and water as this provides homeostasis and it enables the body to work effectively. The nephron (which is part of the kidneys) for example, is in charge of the reabsorption of amino acids, glucose, some chloride and sodium. It is composed of the Bowman’s capsule which is connected to a coiled tubule, which then moves into a hairpin loop called the loop of Henle. There is also a straight collecting duct and second loop that clears out at the end of the pyramid. Both the collecting duct and loop of Henle are located in the medulla.
Relating this back to the kidneys, they perform these jobs (for example, the reabsorption of products as I mentioned above) by regulating acid-base balance, electrolytes and water. They also remove the waste products of metabolism, for example: the final products from the haemoglobin breaking down, urea from extra amino acids, “creatinine from creatine in muscle and uric acid from nucleic acids” as stated by (Stretch et.al: p174). In addition, they remove unnecessary chemicals from the blood, for example toxins, pesticides, drugs and food additives. Last of all, they secrete a hormone that manages the production of renin and blood cells. This is known as erythropoietin which has an effect of blood pressure.
The renal system is also part of the kidneys as it consists of: the urethra, two ureters (tubes), two kidneys and the bladder.
P5: Explain dysfunction in relation to water balance and possible treatments
M3: Discuss dysfunction in relation to water balance and possible treatments
D2: Analyse the impact on the human body of dysfunctions in relation to water balance
For P4, I’m going to outline the physiological overview of the kidneys and then I am going to explain the renal system. Also I am going to explain the kidneys in more detail.
The physiological overview involves the kidneys processing blood by eliminating any excess mineral salts, urea and water as this provides homeostasis and it enables the body to work effectively. The nephron (which is part of the kidneys) for example, is in charge of the reabsorption of amino acids, glucose, some chloride and sodium. It is composed of the Bowman’s capsule which is connected to a coiled tubule, which then moves into a hairpin loop called the loop of Henle. There is also a straight collecting duct and second loop that clears out at the end of the pyramid. Both the collecting duct and loop of Henle are located in the medulla.
Relating this back to the kidneys, they perform these jobs (for example, the reabsorption of products as I mentioned above) by regulating acid-base balance, electrolytes and water. They also remove the waste products of metabolism, for example: the final products from the haemoglobin breaking down, urea from extra amino acids, “creatinine from creatine in muscle and uric acid from nucleic acids” as stated by (Stretch et.al: p174). In addition, they remove unnecessary chemicals from the blood, for example toxins, pesticides, drugs and food additives. Last of all, they secrete a hormone that manages the production of renin and blood cells. This is known as erythropoietin which has an effect of blood pressure.
The renal system is also part of the kidneys as it consists of: the urethra, two ureters (tubes), two kidneys and the bladder.
References: 1. NHS (2012) Causes of chronic kidney disease http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Kidney-disease-chronic/Pages/Causes.aspx 2. NHS (2013) Causes of dehydration http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Dehydration/Pages/Causes.aspx 3. NHS (2014) Kidney Transplant http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Kidney-transplant/Pages/Introduction.aspx 4. NHS (2014) Risks of a kidney transplant http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Kidney-transplant/Pages/Risks.aspx 5. Parsons, R (2009) AS & A2 Biology, Exam Board: OCR, Newcastle upon Tyne: Elanders Hindson Limited 6. Stretch, B and Whitehouse, M (2010), Health and Social Care, Level 3, Book 2, BTEC National, Essex: Edinburgh Gate