Understanding Insulins: A Pathophysiolytic Analysis

It is important to understand insulins function and the processes in which it controls glucose levels in the body if we are to fully understand the pathophysiology of T2DM. Under normal physiological conditions, insulin is released from the beta cells in the islets in the pancreas in response to the ingestion of a meal (elevation in glucose levels). Insulin binds to appropriate receptors, increasing glucose uptake by stimulating the translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT-4 from intracellular sites to the cell surface. The binding of insulin to a receptor sets off a complex signalling cascade that involves multiple phosphorylation events.
Insulin is released and binds tyrosine kinase receptor (TKR) that undergoes auto phosphorylation.