Ultrasound Research Paper

INTRODUCTION
This paper will prove that Ultrasonography is influencing neurosurgeries by providing an alternate method of surgery that is beneficial to the patient, doctor, and families. This paper will answer questions like how can we make difficult surgeries easier on the surgeons and patients? The answer to that question is HIFU. HIFU stands for high-intensity focused ultrasound. According to wikipedia, HIFU is “similar to using a magnifying glass to focus sunlight. Focused ultrasound uses an acoustic lens to concentrate multiple intersecting beams of ultrasound on a target. Each individual beam passes through tissue with little effect but at the focal point where the beams converge, the energy can have useful thermal or mechanical effects.”
Ultrasound is used in pregnancy to show expectant parents, their child, and to look for early abnormalities that the baby may posses. Ultrasound is also used in injuries of organs to detect whether the organ has ruptured, and to determine the patient's next few steps in order to rehabilitate from the injury in a safe way. Ultrasound is also used to detect gallstones, cancer of the fatty liver, and cysts or otherwise known as abnormal growths that would otherwise be undetected. With this being said, this does not explain exactly how HIFU is a better solution for
The first type is a biopsy, which a procedure that removes brain tumors with some incisions. The next type of surgery is a craniotomy, which is a surgical opening of the skull. There are many types of craniotomy, and the first that will be mentioned is extended bifrontal craniotomy. The extended bifrontal craniotomy is a skull base approach used to focus on difficult tumors towards the front of the brain. It is based on the concept that it is safer to remove the extra bone than to unnecessarily harm the brain. The next surgery is an extended bifrontal craniotomy involves making an incision in the scalp behind the hairline and removing the bone that forms by the forehead. This bone is replaced at the end of surgery. Temporarily removing this bone allows surgeons to work in the space between and right behind the eyes without having to mess with the brain. The next type of surgery is the “Eyebrow” craniotomy. In this procedure, neurosurgeons make a small incision within the eyebrow to target tumors in the front of the brain. This approach is used when a tumor is very large or close to the optic nerves or vital arteries. Next is the “Keyhole” craniotomy, which allows for the removal of skull base tumors through a small incision behind the ear, providing access to the cerebellum and