Twin Studies In Children
There are several etiologic factors that can contribute to a child being diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (Parritz & Troy, 2014, p. 150). Twin studies have been used to show the genetic factor in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Twin studies can be useful because there are two sets of the same deoxyribonucleic acid. This allows researchers to compare and contrast the differences between twins. One twin study in particular used twins from the Netherlands Twin Registry. Dutch twins that were born within the years 1992–1996 were used for the study (Derks, Dolan, Hudziak, Neale, & Boomsma, 2007, p. 560). The twins used were both, monozygotic and dizygotic. The researchers analyzed the children when they were three
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One study used fifteen children from South Korea that were between six and nine years old that had a diagnose of attention-deficit disorder. To prove the speech disfluencies “reading, story retelling, and picture description tasks from the Paradise-Fluency Assessment-Second Edition” were used. (Lee, Sim, Lee, & Choi, 2017, p. 57). During the reading portion of the assessment, children read two age appropriate stories. The children were shown two different pictures and asked to describe them during the picture portion of the assessment. The two pictures that were chosen were in order to elicit spontaneous utterances from the participates (Lee et al., 2017, p. 57). Both, the reading and picture portion of the assessment were videotaped and that is how the researcher obtained their speech samples. The total mean for stuttering like disfluencies in children with attention-deficit disorder per one hundred syllables is 4.2 (Lee at al., 2017, p. 58). The total mean for the control group who do not have attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder is 1.2 (Lee at al., 2017, p. 58). Children presenting with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder had a mean of 8.4 compared to the control group mean, which was 4.7 (Lee at el., 2017, p. 58). Comparing the results of the study, it can be inferred that children who have attention-deficit hyperactivity have an increased chance of having speech
One study used fifteen children from South Korea that were between six and nine years old that had a diagnose of attention-deficit disorder. To prove the speech disfluencies “reading, story retelling, and picture description tasks from the Paradise-Fluency Assessment-Second Edition” were used. (Lee, Sim, Lee, & Choi, 2017, p. 57). During the reading portion of the assessment, children read two age appropriate stories. The children were shown two different pictures and asked to describe them during the picture portion of the assessment. The two pictures that were chosen were in order to elicit spontaneous utterances from the participates (Lee et al., 2017, p. 57). Both, the reading and picture portion of the assessment were videotaped and that is how the researcher obtained their speech samples. The total mean for stuttering like disfluencies in children with attention-deficit disorder per one hundred syllables is 4.2 (Lee at al., 2017, p. 58). The total mean for the control group who do not have attention- deficit hyperactivity disorder is 1.2 (Lee at al., 2017, p. 58). Children presenting with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder had a mean of 8.4 compared to the control group mean, which was 4.7 (Lee at el., 2017, p. 58). Comparing the results of the study, it can be inferred that children who have attention-deficit hyperactivity have an increased chance of having speech