Trace Elements Between Soil And Plant Case Study

The transfer of trace elements between soil and plant is part of chemical element cycling in the nature. The mobility and availability of trace elements are controlled by many factor of Climatic, biological and geochemical origins in nature. That means, to predict the uptake of trace elements by plants from soil it is important to look at several biotic and abiotic parameters the affect and control the behavior of elements in the soil. The risk to environment and human health of a given trace metals is a function of its mobility and bioavailability (Kabata. 2004). According to the author, in the study of both agriculture and environment, bio availability of trace elements is the most crucial problem. Beside, several investigations related
The bioavailability of elements increase with increasing concentration in the soil up to certain range above which plant root may injured and uptake start to decrease. The uptake of heavy metals by plant depends on pH of soil, metal forms, and plant species. The Authors also indicate the concentration of heavy metals in the plant were lower than concentration in the soil. The variation in transfer coefficient (Tasrina et al., 2015) calculated as concentration in plant divided by concentration in soil showed that the selectivity of plants in absorbing elements from the source soil. Transfer coefficient shows soil and vegetables properties as it is criteria to describe the transfer of elements from soil to plant (Coutate, 1992). The Author also reported that the higher the magnitude of transfer coefficient, the poorer retention capacity of soil or the greater the efficiency of crop to absorb elements while the lower the transfer coefficient the stronger the retention capacity of soil of metals or the less the efficiency of plant to absorb
Addition of manure, sewage sludge, fertilizer and pesticides to soils can be source of anthropogenic contaminations and result in increased metal concentration and as a result plant uptake (McBride, 2003). Clemente et al. (2010) reported that application of compost to soil as source of carbon and other plant nutrient may affect metal speciation and availability to the plant. Most of the time compost can be source of heavy metals (Tella et al., 2013). According to Muchuweti et al.( 2006) among many factors that affect the concentration of heavy metals on and within the plant the major are climate, atmosphere deposition, the nature of soil on which plant is grown and degree of maturity of the plants at the harvesting