Toxicity Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide to Macrobrachium Rosenbergii Post Larvae
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study
Macrobrachium rosernbergii, also known as the giant river prawn is much known as a species in the Southern and Southeastern Asia, Western Pacific Island and Northern Oceania. This species lives inland of the freshwater areas during adult stage while the larvae needs brackish water and usually found in estuaries (Galitzine and Morgan, 2009). This species of prawn is a tropical living animal which needs warmer temperatures more than 18°C for growth process. (Dasgupta, 2005). However, for culture process, the optimal production of the prawns needs minimum temperature at 82.4°F (New B. , 2002). In aquaculture, the four highest producers of the genus Macrobrachium were China, Thailand, India and Bangladesh in 2007 (FAO, 2009). In 2007, the global production of this species was about 213, 274 mT. Due to the increase of techniques and tools used, the production is expected to increase every year. Formalin is used for treatment of parasite problem in the prawn production worldwide but because it can cause hazard for the humans and possibly to the environment, the hydrogen peroxide is now as an alternative to replace formalin for a common treatment for parasites (Pedersen and Flemming, 2010). Graslund et al, 1
(2003) showed that the hydrogen peroxide acts as chemical that served several purposes such as to eliminate bacteria, parasite and also algae in shrimp farming. However, the hydrogen peroxide still can be hazardous for the health of farmers (Boyd, 1999) and also affect the health of the cultured shrimp (Graslund et al, 2003). Thus, it is important to study the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide with a view to predict the level of toxicity to M. rosernbergii post larvae.
1.2 Problem statement One of the effects of the use of hydrogen peroxide in shrimp farming is that it could bring negative effects to the shrimps, workers and also to the nearer ecosystems (Graslund et al, 2003). Although the treatment with
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study
Macrobrachium rosernbergii, also known as the giant river prawn is much known as a species in the Southern and Southeastern Asia, Western Pacific Island and Northern Oceania. This species lives inland of the freshwater areas during adult stage while the larvae needs brackish water and usually found in estuaries (Galitzine and Morgan, 2009). This species of prawn is a tropical living animal which needs warmer temperatures more than 18°C for growth process. (Dasgupta, 2005). However, for culture process, the optimal production of the prawns needs minimum temperature at 82.4°F (New B. , 2002). In aquaculture, the four highest producers of the genus Macrobrachium were China, Thailand, India and Bangladesh in 2007 (FAO, 2009). In 2007, the global production of this species was about 213, 274 mT. Due to the increase of techniques and tools used, the production is expected to increase every year. Formalin is used for treatment of parasite problem in the prawn production worldwide but because it can cause hazard for the humans and possibly to the environment, the hydrogen peroxide is now as an alternative to replace formalin for a common treatment for parasites (Pedersen and Flemming, 2010). Graslund et al, 1
(2003) showed that the hydrogen peroxide acts as chemical that served several purposes such as to eliminate bacteria, parasite and also algae in shrimp farming. However, the hydrogen peroxide still can be hazardous for the health of farmers (Boyd, 1999) and also affect the health of the cultured shrimp (Graslund et al, 2003). Thus, it is important to study the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide with a view to predict the level of toxicity to M. rosernbergii post larvae.
1.2 Problem statement One of the effects of the use of hydrogen peroxide in shrimp farming is that it could bring negative effects to the shrimps, workers and also to the nearer ecosystems (Graslund et al, 2003). Although the treatment with
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