Toxic Shock Syndrome, Pharmaceutical Microbiology Report
Pharmaceutical Microbiology
CLASS CODE: MP202
SARA ASHOUR
Signature ……………………………….. Date ………………………………..
Total Word Count 1492
I declare that, except where specifically indicated, all the work presented in this report is my own and I am the sole author of all parts.
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an uncommon but serious systemic infection which can occur in males and females of all ages. Symptoms include fever, hypotension and desquamation of the skin. The two main micro-organisms that cause TSS are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. TSS is associated with the use of highly absorbent tampons but can also arise from Staphylococcus aureus infection at non-genital areas (for example wounds).[4] "From a UK population of around 60 million there were about 40 cases reported each year, half of which are associated with women using tampons." [1]
Staphylococcus aureus are anaerobic, gram positive bacterium. They lie harmlessly in the mucous membrane of the vagina. Though, the bacteria can grow rapidly if the tampon is left in the vagina for an overextended period of time. This is being due to the warm conditions and viscous fluid present at the time. Bacterial invasion depends on the way the tampon has been inserted into the vagina. Super absorbent tampons can make the vagina dry resulting in the wall being prone to microscopic tearing and small blood vessels bursting. [3] It is estimated that over 90% of S. aureus strains are the cause of menstrual-related TSS. [5] Bearing in mind that this is only one of the circumstances how the infection can emanate. Another type of TSS is Streptococcus TSS (STSS) which is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. STSS is rarely a result of tampon use and is more likely to develop in a surgical wound, skin infection or even in a cut. The symptoms are similar to that of TSS. [6]
S. aureus targets endothelial cells
CLASS CODE: MP202
SARA ASHOUR
Signature ……………………………….. Date ………………………………..
Total Word Count 1492
I declare that, except where specifically indicated, all the work presented in this report is my own and I am the sole author of all parts.
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is an uncommon but serious systemic infection which can occur in males and females of all ages. Symptoms include fever, hypotension and desquamation of the skin. The two main micro-organisms that cause TSS are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. TSS is associated with the use of highly absorbent tampons but can also arise from Staphylococcus aureus infection at non-genital areas (for example wounds).[4] "From a UK population of around 60 million there were about 40 cases reported each year, half of which are associated with women using tampons." [1]
Staphylococcus aureus are anaerobic, gram positive bacterium. They lie harmlessly in the mucous membrane of the vagina. Though, the bacteria can grow rapidly if the tampon is left in the vagina for an overextended period of time. This is being due to the warm conditions and viscous fluid present at the time. Bacterial invasion depends on the way the tampon has been inserted into the vagina. Super absorbent tampons can make the vagina dry resulting in the wall being prone to microscopic tearing and small blood vessels bursting. [3] It is estimated that over 90% of S. aureus strains are the cause of menstrual-related TSS. [5] Bearing in mind that this is only one of the circumstances how the infection can emanate. Another type of TSS is Streptococcus TSS (STSS) which is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. STSS is rarely a result of tampon use and is more likely to develop in a surgical wound, skin infection or even in a cut. The symptoms are similar to that of TSS. [6]
S. aureus targets endothelial cells