Tourette's Syndrome: Psychopathology In Adolescents

The symptoms were first described more than a hundred years ago by the French neurologist Gilles de la Tourette (Harvard Mental Health) , and his name has been given to the disorder now regarded as the most common cause of tics — brief intermittent involuntary or semi-voluntary movements or sounds. A diagnosis of Tourette’s syndrome (TS) requires many motor tics (movements) and at least one vocal or phonic tic (sound), with symptoms beginning before age 18 and lasting more than a year. Often the earliest signs are rapid blinking and twitching of the mouth and nose. Other motor tics are head jerking, tooth grinding, neck twisting, abnormal postures and muscle contractions. More complex movement tics include facial contortions, squatting, deep
(2004, August). Tourette's syndrome: Psychopathology in adolescents. Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 58(4), 353-358. Retrieved April 1, 2008, Hoogduin, K., Verdellen, C., & Cath, D. (1997, June). Exposure and Response Prevention in the Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome: Four Case Studies. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 4(2), 125-135. Retrieved March 23, 2008, Leckman, J., Vaccarino, F., Kalanithi, P., & Rothenberger, A. (2006, June). Annotation: Tourette syndrome: a relentless drumbeat – driven by misguided brain oscillations. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 47(6), 537-550. Retrieved April 8, 2008, Leckman, J. (2002, November 16). Tourette's syndrome. Lancet, 360(9345), 1577. Retrieved March 20, 2008, from Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection database. Lee, J., Yoo, S., Cho, S., Ock, S., Lim, M., & Panych, L. (2006, January). Abnormal thalamic volume in treatment-naïve boys with Tourette syndrome. . Retrieved April 14, 2008 Marcks, B., Berlin, K., Woods, D., & Davies, W. (2007, Spring). Impact of Tourette Syndrome: A Preliminary Investigation of the Effects of Disclosure on Peer Perceptions and Social Functioning. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 70(1), 59-67. Retrieved April 3, 2008, from Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection